“Horses of the Night” by Margaret Laurence Essay

1. Who is the narrator of the story? How old is she at the start of the story? What is her age at the end of the story? Discuss the reliability of the narrator. 2. Go back through the story looking for examples of foreshadowing. 3. Discuss the shifts that occur in the setting of the story. 4. Why does Chris hesitate to believe in God? 5. Discuss the significance of the following names used in the story: a. Chris b. Brick House c. Shallow Creek d. Its title, â€Å"Horses of the Night† Significant Quotes: â€Å"But quite good just isn’t good enough. Even supposing he managed to get a scholarship, which isn’t likely, it’s only tuition and books. What about room and board? Who’s going to pay for that? Your father?† (pg. 288) â€Å"Most people don’t like talking about this kind of thing- it embarrasses them, you know? Or else they’re not interested. I don’t mind. I can always think about things myself. You don’t need anyone to talk to.† (pg. 298) â€Å"I was thinking of all the schemes he’d had, the ones that couldn’t possibly have worked, the unreal solutions to which he’d clung because there were no others, the brave and useless strokes of fantasy against a depression that was both the world’s and his own.† (pg. 300) Vocabulary: Fortnight (pg. 294) Reticent (pg. 295) Equanimity (pg. 285) Scorn (pg. 282) Writing Assignment Please select one of the following diploma topics. -Discuss the idea(s) developed by the text creator in your chosen text about the role adversity plays in shaping an individual’s identity. -Discuss the idea(s) developed by the text creator in your chosen text about the conflict between pursuing a personal desire and choosing to conform. -Discuss the idea(s) developed by the text creator in your chosen text about the significance of idealism and truth in an individual’s life. Using your chosen topic, please write an introduction to an essay. Also include at least three topic sentences for your body paragraphs.

La Liberte guidant le peuple

Art is beyond the limitations of country boundaries and its values should be shared by people from all over the world eternally. When talking about art, I have to say that France Is my favorite country for the representation of art, as the country has a long history for pursuing art and fashion since Louis XIV, the King of Sun, who Is a king keen on the pursuit of art and fashion. Therefore In this summer I took the opportunity to go to Louvre Museum In Paris to pay a visit to the famous 011 paintings in the museum.In this essay, I would like to choose one of the famous oil painting La Liberty guiding el people from my personal perspective of gendered art. On entering the museum, I could sense a strong atmosphere of history and a deep sense of reverence rose deep from my soul. Then I saw the famous painting drawn by Delicacies. In the middle of the painting is a young French lady who is calling on her villagers to fight against the Restoration of Bourbon in July Revolution.The woman is half naked in the upper part of her body, with her breasts out. On her right hand, she is holding a flag with three colors, which represent freedom, equality and philanthropist. Now the flag has become the national flag of the Republic of France. On her left hand, she was grasping a long gun with a sharp knife on It. Though she Is wearing a long dress, we can see her legs are powerful and firm, and she Is leading the soldiers to move forward across the dead bodies and the ruins of the bulldogs.The background of this painting is set before Notre Dame in Paris where there is full f the smokes from gunpowder, which shows that the war is in its hottest point. Most of the critiques believe that she is the symbol of freedom, with great passion and romantic characters. To look at the female in detail, we can find that this woman shows a temperament of masculinity different from her own gender.Different from John Burger's traditional opinion on man and woman in artistic works, which mean s that a man's presence is dependent upon the promise of power, while a women's presence expresses her own attitude to herself, or his belief that men focus on the outside while women focus on the inner part Noon Berger, 1 990), here a sense of cross-gender Identification Is emphasized In the work as a way of showing opposition to the old binary system. As a result, the symbolic meaning In this painting Is evident.Just as the view from feminist that â€Å"gender is a social construction† this painting seems to reconstruct our social norm about the binary system. Traditionally, gender is presented as biological and predetermined instead of a culturally constructed, external performance (Sloop, 2004). So although the women act like men, their female dies are inscribed with sexual frailty—a weakness that can only be matched by masculine strength as their rescuer is physically privileged (Sarah Cornfield, 2011).This painting seems to doubt that: why men should be prior to women? As is seen, on the left side of the painting, there is a dead, thin male body, whose lower part of the body Is naked. Also, beside the leg of the woman, there Is a male enemy whose seems to be begging for the forgiveness of the woman and the working class. These two characters are uncommon in the paintings, as they show the weakness of male In trench. Throughout the history of OLL painting, male Image seldom appears weaker than female image, according to the introduction of John Berger.What is more, on the painting: he is holding his gun high up his head alongside with the woman. Contrary to use a strong and matured male as the hero in the painting, the existence of a young boy, though not so powerful than a strong male, represents the hope emerging in the new world. On the left side of the woman, there are two men dressing very fashionably. They represent the emerging working class who are fighting against the Bourbon. But they are not the main characters in this painting, a s their existence is for the purpose to highlight to woman representing freedom.After all, all of the unusual and creative arrangements by the painter here in fact want to suggest us that everything old will be ruined and a new social norm based on love freedom and equality will be set up in the future. To sum up, the bold imagination, the rich implied meanings in this work all contribute to its successes during the whole history. This painting gives us a romantic and ideal feeling in the severe war, and constructs our traditional conception on gender, that women not always appear as a weak image and women can be more powerful men to some extent.However, in the same time I also admit the fact that differences between male and female do exist. And in the whole painting history, as Berger has pointed out, the â€Å"ideal† is always assumed to be male and the image of the woman is designed to flatter him. In my opinion, as long as the painting present people with the aesthetic c haracters of masculinity and femininity instead of torturing them. I admire the painter Eugene

Democratic Trends Essay

It is inevitable for things to change. The trends in American change daily. There are various factors that influence change. There are many political and economic events and trends that effect the human services field. One of the events that have affected the U.S. is the recession. The recession has caused a trickle down affect. There has also issue with financial budgets. The deficits are attached to various resources that help countless communities throughout the U.S. A few of the demographic trends that have cause change are the aging and healthcare act. There are both good and bad changes that happens in life, and the human service field adapts to that change. We have seem dramatic changes in our government. The political events that effect human services have an outcome that may not be what’s best for the people that are effect. This change in politics have affected millions of Americans that depend on the government system. Minority groups that are recipients of programs that are funded by the government are the ones that are most affected when the government faces distress. The future of human services is always at the edge when crisis arise. The way politicians run their itinerary is by making decisions to what seems convenient for them at the time. Politics is about taking care of one thing at a time and what does not seem important are often left undone. The future of human services faces crisis daily. Budgets are always slash to fix other areas of need. Human services providers are the ones that are in charge of being the voice of the less fortunate pleading to the government to change laws in favor of those in need. If the government does not budget the finances available there is a risk of bankruptcy. Bankruptcy will terminates food stamps, medical, section 8, and many other programs that assist families in need. The future of human services is in limbo it will take for our government to prioritize and put families first. Political Trends that Effect Human Services There are various political event that effect the human services field. One particular event that stands out was the U.S. government shut down due to the recession. The shutdown of government agencies which fund the countless resources and organizations was detrimental to the citizens. There was a boost in varying agencies for those seeking assistance. Some of the organization only assist one specific need. But the consumers requires various aid for needs that may or may not overlap. Some of those needs are general public assistance, unemployment, food stamps, and homelessness. According to â€Å"Human Services in a time of Crisis† studies have shown that food stamp caseloads have a strong correlation to the unemployment rate. It also states a poor economy with high unemployment typically spurs an increase in demand for public assistance (HSTC p. 4). Food stamps are usually the first part of government assistance sought after. Food Stamps are the first part of security for fam ilies in the program for which most applicants are eligible. Government Cuts and Its Consequences The significant cuts made to human services program operating budgets do not promise well for the vulnerable families who are seeking assistance or for their communities. There were various cuts made by government officials to help Americans, but some will cause more damage. The budget cuts to unemployment for instance, means millions of Americans could be left without their sole source of income while they look for work according to U.S.A. Today. About 3.6 million Americans would have become eligible for the program in 2014, in addition to those facing an immediate end to the assistance. The millions that have to survive without unemployment will seek aid through human services agencies throughout the United States. Although homelessness have decreased slightly, there is still an extraordinary need for homes for those experiencing homelessness. According to The State of Homelessness in America (2013), â€Å"The national rate of homelessness was 20 homeless people per 10,000 people in the general population and the rate for veterans was 29 homeless veterans per 10,000 veterans in the general population† (para. 1). Society Facing Economic and Demographic Insecurities As changes are growing, so is the instability of clients that are coping with  depression, anxiety, mental disabilities, and the elderly population. As the country continues in an era of economic insecurity, Americans living close or lower than the poverty line are more at risk. Nonetheless, the assistance they need to acquire jobs, housing, healthcare, or provide for their children is less likely as agencies face impending financial problems of their own. The economic decline began at the end of 2007 subsequently resulting in increased lay-offs, unemployment and underemployment, foreclosures, retirement income and savings loss, and a drop in the value of real estates, placing a larger demand for services on federal, state, and local human service systems. These service delivery systems faced shortages and budget complications of their own. Human service professionals must learn to efficiently and effectively negotiate and bridge this economic gap while meeting their agency’s potentials and needs, respecting their clients and assisting them towards betterment. Economic trend also relating to the production, development, and management of material wealth. Trends will involve jobs, housing, children, and health care. Economic impacts the human services department dealing with the wellbeing of children in many ways, mainly because of all the budget cuts. For example, school is one of the many trends. Teachers are around there students at least 30 hours they’re considered the third parent, good teachers help to mentor their children to become more productive and motivates them to become lifelong learners. Teachers have the training and incite to notice incidence of child sexually, mental and physical abuse. It is the teacher’s responsibility to warn human service of the danger that the child might encou nter. The use of managed care by human service is defined as a set of tools to manage resources and the delivery of human services in the areas of health and mental health care (Woodside, 2011). The impact of managed care organization does not only position a risk to human service values and practice, but also generate an ethical dilemma. Managed care allows the human service profession to develop its professional field increasing from advocating and aftercare for the indigent, severe and chronic mentally ill to providing private non-medical psychotherapy. One challenge of the human service profession is how to sustain improvements within a profession that is characterized by an overlying of roles and functions, and the challenge to meeting the demands of managed care organizations as well as the preservation of values and  ethical practices which make the profession distinctive. The human service profession would need to develop tools to maintaining stability between the needs of clients and the demands of the managed care organizations. Aging in American, which is another demographic trend has taken a toll on society in dealing with housing, confronting death, dying and depression. As the number of elderly people increase, the more help from human services will be required in dealing with their health and living situations. Most elderly men and women will not be financial stable and unable to provide for themselves. The demographic trends targets a diverse population that is in need of strategies and intervention plans to be able to succeed daily. The more communities grow there will be fewer opportunities for the majority of the people to get jobs to support their families. People rely on human services for a boost dealing with unemployment, food, or even help finding better jobs. Human service professionals can also provide assistance to those who are cop ing with trauma from terrorism, disasters, and other traumatic events. Accounts of trauma and violence are characteristically entwined with histories of substance abuse and/or mental health disorders. A few examples are the 9/11 bombing which killed a lot of people and also left many hurt emotional and physical. The effects that terrorism has on people could either be long term (installs fear) or short term (traumatization). Hurricane Katrina, which left everybody in destruction and homelessness. A traumatic event could even include a serious car crash. Societal changes can only begin when an extensive network of service providers integrate their knowledge, resources, and services to the economic and demographic trends within their communities. Conclusion Demographic trends reveal developments and changes in human population (Melva Wilson, 2014). As America is aging we are able to see the changes in human services. Technology has taken over and providers are able to service clients in a more effective and quicker way than a decade ago. As the population grows, the problems in America are also growing. The delivery of services through human services have change and more changes will be implemented in the future. Human services does not only focus on delivering services to the less fortunate, they also have to assure that funds are available to service clients. There will always be changes that will benefit  society and changes that will make their life more complicated. References County Welfare Directors Association of California. (2009). Retrieved from www.cwda.org Grovum, J., (2013). Stateline Unemployment Benefits. Retrieved from http://www.usatoday.com National Alliance to End Homelessness (2013). Retrieved from http://www.endhomelessness.org National Association of Social Workers. Retrieved from www.socialworkers.org National Organization for Human Services. Retrieved from http://www.nationalhumanservices.org Stein, S., (2013). Government Shutdown’s Impact Detailed in Report. Retrieved from TheHuffingtonPost.com Woodside, M. & McClam, T. (2011). An Introduction to human services. Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole

Research methods coursework Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Methods coursework - Research Proposal Example Second, no other methods were used aside from videotape analysis, which should have been done to triangulate the results of constitutive methodology. Lastly, the 30 hours of tape taken from each participant is not enough because constitutive ethnography's authority is based primarily on the length of time spent studying the subjects. Although the general objective, to identity effective communication in the pharmacy practice, is clear, the specific objectives identified were not. First, it is confusing if the study is aimed at generalizations or specific observations. The use of constitutive ethnography suggests specific observations, however, the manner that objectives were written are too broad that it seems to make generalizations. Second, if the study aims to test the value of constitutive ethnography as a research method, it should have discussed the effect of pharmacists' professional culture to illustrate that there is value in choosing the method. Lastly, how pharmacists' knowledge base makes them lead investigators in the field should have been explained as well since this is the underlying rationale for the third objective. Constitutive ethnography was used to build upon individual an... However, the study was lacking in better operationalization of concepts and measures, as well as clearer identification of the variables. Furthermore, because it is exploratory, it should have provided a better groundwork for replication. The measures of an effective consultation vis--vis an ineffective one was not clear. Additional input due to pharmacist's communication skills does not necessarily mean that the consultation was effective within the context of effective healthcare. Moreover, even if such definition is considered effective, pharmacists should have identified concrete criteria on how to distinguish input as a result of effective communication skills vis--vis others. Lastly, neglect of patient's evaluations is cause for alarm. Although this was noted as a limitation of the study, researchers could have at least conducted a focus group on the view of patients to provide more insight into pharmacist-patient communication. Question 5 (108 words) The following results were presented: (1) categories and sub-categories of effective communication skills; (2) instances of effective and ineffective communication and skills usage in each; and (3) types of consultations. All were presented through the use of tables, qualified by brief explanations. However, since constitutive ethnography was the methodology used, these results are incomplete. Insights into the manner that the pharmacists evaluated themselves and the manner that their professional culture as affected the identified results should have been included. As stated in the objectives, it aims to assess whether participative research is effective in analyzing the topic, thus, their effect on the results should have been given consideration. Question 6 (147

Presenting the Budget Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Presenting the Budget - Research Paper Example The government needs $3,117 million in 2015 and $3,070 in excess of the revenue to cover the expenses. However, in 2016 the growth rate of the revenue is greater than the growth rate in expenses. The growth rates of all the expenses mentioned above were computed together with the amount in dollars expected to increase. Highest growing category of the expenses is fringe benefits. In the year 2012-2013 these expenses will grow at the rate of 5.22% or $418 million in amount. Further increase in expected in the following years and the growth rate is expected to rise to 6.74% in 2013-2014 and ultimately 6.98% in the last year of projection. Fringe benefits include compensation beyond salary or benefits in kind. There are other expense as well which do not look significant in percentage but amount increased is significant. For example salaries and wages only increase by 0.55% in 2013-2014 but the amount increase is $119 million. Similarly growth rate in the last year so only 1.71% but the amount increase is $376 million. Another important area of the expense to be discussed is the amount increase in the lease and debt services. In 2012-2013 total increase is $656 million and percentage increase is 12.01% but the growth rate falls in the subsequent years and reached to 3.86% in the last year but still the amount in Dollar increases. Some of the expense shows no permanent trends like pensions of projections expenses and medical assistance. These are expected to be increase and decrease in all years of projections. In 2013 there is an increase of $100 million in the pension expenses and in 2014 the increases in expected to be only $52 million as compared to 2013 and next years there is a decline of $108 million. Similar is the situation with the medical assistance. General property tax is expected to be $17,917 in 2012 which constitute around 26.33% of the total revenue in the first year of

Peculiarities of Girth Calculation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Peculiarities of Girth Calculation - Essay Example This has to be followed by Leveling and grading, then compacting and trimming of the wall surfaces that the excavation exposes. There is no multiple handling of the excavation materials on the site as the materials are considered inert unless there is a different description. Reinforcement of about 5% is applied to the beams and columns. The Horizontal work in this enforcement includes the beds, foundation, blinding, column, ground beams, base, slabs, attached beams and the beam casings. The shape is considered regular except when there is a contrary description. Any shape that is not rectangular or square is viewed as irregular. The concrete casings, columns and steel beams are regular shapes. DPC (Damp-proof courses) is made to an appropriate width of 300mm before the formation of cavity trays. DPCs are considered to be including the formation of laps, angles and edges (ends). They also cover the pointing edges exposed by the excavation. Finally, they cover bonds to the DPM (damp-proof membranes) and materials of similar properties. Openings, cavities, liners, DPCs and fixtures related to mechanical connections. This will require items like steel lintels, wind posts, wall end bonding, wall end ties, boiler seats, winders and landings. Additional requirement includes regularly shaped materials with accurate dimensions and references as specified in the NRM2 methods. The ground dimensions are obtained by squaring the sides of the rooms. The infilling panels are considered to include sealants, strips, and intumescent compounds, setting blocks as well as fixings. Other forms of block work are done in glasses, plastics and any form of glazing. The size of the glasswork elements are considered irregular, made in small rectangular size blocks. The panes are obtained from these rectangular blocks. Under the NRM2 standards, the constructions have two surfaces, including brickwork, stonework and block work.  

Politics 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Politics 2 - Essay Example Under these conditions Barak Obama initiates his cooperation with the American Medical Association. The same attempts have been initiated by another President Bill Clinton, who launched his health care program in 1993-94. The Democratic majorities supported the President in his attempts, but they did not succeed in a holistic implementation of the policy. Population of America did not accept these attempts of Clinton. What is the difference between these two different types of health care policies? Actually, whether these policies are more individually-oriented or whether they are much focused on the interests of the governmental authorities? To give the answer to this question, it is necessary to take into account different pros and cons of health policies in America and the way they have been identified and implemented in the country. Moreover, a special attention should be paid to key players and their roles in these policies' development. Health Care Policy Players Actually, with respect to these two policies, it is easy to identify two main players: the Presidents play the leading roles in the policies' introduction and further implementation. Clinton placed stake on the nation and the public attention to the phenomenon of the universal health care. He wanted to implement his policy with the help of public sector. In other words he wanted to appeal for the official representatives of the public sector, i.e. to employers. The insurance market should have been more attentive to ability of employers to pay for their employees. The Clinton government underlined the necessity of combination both liberal issues and conservative methods. Employer-sponsored insurance failed in America and the government of President Clinton realized that official parties failed in the implementation of insurance policy in America (Oberlander, 2007). The Health Insurance Association of America was developing under intense relations between federal powers and financial sector during period of Clinton's power. Obama's policy has been developed under more favorable conditions. Firstly, he made an emphasis not only on official players of the policy, but also on unofficial players of the health insurance policy. Physicians and common citizens were key players identified by Obama. He wanted medical services to work in favor of the society. He was much more focused on an individualistic approach. He strongly cooperated with the patients and the physicians. His approach was more common and readily accepted by the public. Of course, there were both opponents and proponents with respect to his policy. Financial emphasis was made by the President Obama, when he increased financing by 46.3% in comparison with 2011 (Smith, 2011). Medicaid and Medicare insurance systems were presented by the President as inexpensive and affordable ones. At the same time, the number of physicians was decreased and this factor was not a positive factor in the development of Obama's policy. S imilarly, the number of patients increased greatly. Obama's insurance system was referred to as â€Å"ObamaCare.† This health care policy is well-known for the public and the American society often refers to this policy as to one of the most successful health care policies ever experienced by America. Influences of Key Players Clinton’s government developed its policy in a wrong direction. Health care was considered to be a great contribution to health

Law Enforcement Deviance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Law Enforcement Deviance - Essay Example The consequences of this deviance by the Los Angeles Police Department will be felt for many years as the public struggles to regain trust and the department struggles to regain credibility. Forms of police Deviance The use of excessive force and evidence planting are two forms of police deviance that are cited in the Rampart Independent Review. These acts of deviance are not exclusive to the Los Angeles Police Department, as there have been many occurrences nationwide regarding the use of unnecessary force and interfering with or planting evidence by police. Excessive use of force continues to be a major problem today. One of the most notorious cases of excessive use of force by officers was the case involving Rodney King. The Rodney King case not only contained excessive use of force, but also the falsifying of police reports (Mangan, 2000). The Los Angeles Police Department’s supervisors and officers downplayed the injuries to King as minor scrapes and bruises. The police o fficers involved in the beating reported that King confronted officers, resisted, and increased his level of resistance. A different story, however, is shown by the video. King is seen in a vulnerable position on his hands and knees as officers circle him and beat him repeatedly with their batons (Mangan, 2000). The two officers were found guilty, and the other two were acquitted. Police brutality has been a growing issue over the years, with police feeling like they are above the law and insinuating that criminals have no rights hence the brutal beating. There could be no possibly good reason to beat people especially when they are unarmed and handcuffed. Another law enforcement deviant behavior exposed by the Rampart Review is the abuse of drugs by law enforcement officers. In a particular example, a police officer accused several of his colleagues of taking drugs. In the Boston Globe was found that about 75 police officers did not pass any drug tests. For those that failed the te st, cocaine, heroin, ecstasy and marijuana were some of the drugs found in their tests. Of the 9354 people employed by the police force, 14 officers have failed drug tests since the year 2000 (Smalley, 2006). Reasons behind the deviant behavior by law enforcement officers Reasons cited in the Rampart Review about the law enforcers’ deviant behaviors are varied. One of the reasons given is the desire for the LAPD to get high marks for the declining crime statistics, possibly pushed by the officer’s leadership. Based on the claim that crime in Rampart area declined from about 1000 instances to fewer than 500 indicates this possibility. Another possible reason could be the lure of cash confiscated in drug busts. Normally, a police officer in Los Angeles earns an average of $42,000 (Indeed.com, 2009). Drug raids confiscate between tens and hundreds of thousands of dollars. The officers could be tempted to look for ways of keeping these funds for themselves. Once a police o fficer starts down slippery slope of theft and perjury, it is usually very difficult to find a firm footing. Many officers may find themselves continually trying cover their tracks until the point at which they hurt a civilian who may have too much information concerning their deviant behavior. Hence, the

Businesses and their impact in Spanish speaking countries Essay

Businesses and their impact in Spanish speaking countries - Essay Example With the increase in the demands for energy in recent years the government of Mexico has increased its budgeted capital, but due to its high tax burden the company has been forced to depend upon debts to finance the projects. PEMEX has been adversely affected by the increase in oil prices over the years and requires funding to stabilize its position in the market. The main oil field Cantarell has reached its peak capacity of production and heavy investments is desirable coupled with explorations for new area for oil production as the current capacity of 3.3 million barrels per day would deplete towards the end of this decade. Being heavily taxed, the President of Mexico has relaxed the tax by $2.4 billion to be paid by the company next year. Despite the reserves Mexico has started importing oil at the rate of 374,000 barrels per day in the recent past due to non availability of refining process for oil and related products. The tax break and provision of favorable environment for the oil companies to undertake oil exploration is one of the major steps which the newly appointed President has taken over the period of time. There have been quiet an opposed reaction to the initiative as private investments is deemed to be loss of control over PEMEX. As PEMEX has invested more in oil exploration rather than investing in refineries for a quarter of the century, Mexico now imports 20% of its current capacity of oil and 25% of the natural gas based products. The aim of the paper is to analyze and understand effect of PEMEX on the Mexican economy and society in general. The paper also analyzes the employment opportunity which private investments create and the favorable business environment for business growth. Mexico has the second largest oil reserve after Venezuela among the western countries and the country has been ranked among the top five oil producing nations for crude and refined oil production.

Legal Advice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Legal Advice - Essay Example Warren Buffet is the chairman and CEO of the company and is greatly responsible for a number of investment initiatives. From the start of his business at Berkshire Company, he paid more attention to long-term investments in openly quoted stocks. However, presently his focus has shifted to purchasing entire companies (Sharon, Steven & Corinne, 2002). Currently, the company holds a number of companies comprising of confectionary, marketing, railway, home fittings. It manufactures detergents and is involved in the sale of jewelry. In addition, Berkshire is involved in newspaper printing, production and supply of uniforms as well as numerous local electric and gas utilities. According to a report released by Forbes Global in the year 2000, Berkshire Hathaway was ranked 18th largest public corporation worldwide (Carroll, 2009). Berkshire Hathaway Company revealed their plans to invest a total of $5 billion in in the Bank of America on August 25th, 2011. The Bank of America was at the time experiencing hard economic times. They had been having disputes with regard to how foreclosure practices were managed. Ultimately, this implied that they were also having concerns with their mortgage investors. In total, they had approximately $ 8.8 billion loss and a huge amount of it accredited to the disbursement they made with the mortgage financiers. In addition, the bank of America was also planning to fire several workers. Following the announcement by Berkshire Hathaway to invest in this bank, the shares increased by over 25%. The bigger part of Berkshire India is owned by Berkshire Hathaway. According to a statement released by the Company, another plan with regard to this subsidiary corporation is to sell and supply common insurance merchandises in India via its operational distribution portal. Their preliminary emphasis will be on motorized insurance. However, the firm regularly updates its business model so as to meet the necessities of the fast developing Indian insura nce sector. In addition, the firm will advance into health, life as well as travel insurance if they the market turns out receptive as stated further by the statement (Braem, 2009). However, for successful implementation of their plans, there are business regulations that will be observed.Naturally, administrative laws are related to the government as well as the manner its organizational units work. In this perspective, administrative law consists of three precise elements. There are; replication of businesses as per the recommended style, coordination of dissimilar efforts into one bigger organization and continued daily operations of the firm in smooth process to help achieve their set objectives (Twomey& Jennings, 2010). For Berkshire Hathaway Company to operate successfully, they will require licenses and permits that are necessary for conducting their business online or e-commerce business, just like all other corporations. A state business permit is the major document needed for the purposes of taxation and carrying out other basic business operations (Miller and cross, 2013). The firm will also be required to pay sales tax for conducting business online as per the state regulations (Bentley, Galliher & Ferguson, 2007). Berkshire Hathaway Company is advised to comply with the available laws and regulations as operating without license could lead to fine of closure by the regulating authorities. This determines which elements of

How technology has influenced the Thomson Travel Agency Essay

How technology has influenced the Thomson Travel Agency - Essay Example From this, it is quite obvious that travel agents play a vital role in this business. When armed with technological knowledge, they form a force to reckon with. Surveys conducted by various people outline the importance of the latter in influencing consumer’s decisions on the destinations to take. From the time a person decides to make any trip, they are usually faced with the decisions of which airline to take, the particular place to visit if on holiday, convenience and efficiency of the whole process. Due to the boom of technological advancements, potential passengers or tourists can by the click of a button, peruse the options availed to them. However, this information can be mind boggling to an extent that it can became more of a headache than a resourceful tool. Thus, travel agents can make recommendations to their clients and help them in choosing the particular travel package that would best suit them depending on their needs (Howard 1963). It is like they completely allow these people to take over all their travel arrangements so that, all that is required of them are to show up. Tour operators are thus faced with the key role of advertising their products. Marketing becomes an important tool so as to stay in business, of which, travel agents are made to go out of their way to infuse better marketing strategies (Birner & Booms1982). Computer technology provided a way to effectively manage all the extensive information concerning general travel. For example, with introduction of the Computer reservations systems (CRS) in 1953, that was later converted to the Semi Automated Business Research Environment (Sabre). This was a combination of CRS and global distribution system (GDS) that provided a wide load of travel information and reservations. â€Å"Directional selling† which involved the sale of package holidays using a complex chain of travel agents, is a practice that has become

Clothing Later Victorian (1870-1890) Essay Example for Free

Clothing Later Victorian (1870-1890) Essay After the death of her husband in 1861, Victoria went into seclusion, and though still deeply respected as sovereign of a great empire, she ceased to influence fashion as directly. The somber colors that came into fashion are attributed to the fact that the British Court remained in mourning. Black became a popular fashion color in this period, not only worn for mourning. However dress forms changed significantly. After decades of full skirts, a new silhouette appeared that accentuated the body while still covering it. The tightly fitted bodice remained, but now the full skirts were swept back, leaving a tight narrow skirt in the front, with all the fullness arranged in the back. The chief feature of this period was the rear emphasis in dress, typified by the bustle, a padded arrangement of drapery that accentuated the buttocks. The bustle was at its largest in the mid 1870s (above right), but would develop in a more tailored form in the mid 1880s (left). However, throughout the period, the narrow silhouette and rear emphasis was a constant. Although the new look was decried as immodest because it revealed, even exaggerated the female shape, it was also an extremely restricting style that required exceptionally severe corseting. This was a period in which more women were coming out of the home and into the community to participate in volunteer work and other public activities. In this period the womens rights movement (which included suffrage, protection for working women, and dress reform) gained momentum. Both the revelation of the womans body and the protest against the restrictiveness of the garments reflected the changing times. In addition to factory work, long done by poor women, the typewriter and the sewing machine were now creating work opportunities for middle class women who needed income. Since fashionable dress limited mobility, changes in dress were called for to accommodate these new realities. Art Nouveau (1890-1911) The Art Nouveau silhouette, particularly that of the 1890s, in some ways echoed the look of the early Romantic period. The Full leg-o-mutton sleeves and flared, moderately full skirts were similar (left). However, the hour-glass figure with its erect posture, stiffly boned collar band, and high shoulders suggested a more formidable image than the slope-shouldered decorative butterfly of the 1820s and 1830s. Increasing numbers of young unmarried women now worked in shops and offices, and housewives were often active in church work and other community voluntary activities. Women also began to appear socially in public, in restaurants and even at the beach. Sportswear -specialized clothing for strenuous activity- had begun to appear as early as the 1860s but in the 1890s the advent of the bicycle put women into pants bloomers in public for the first time. Tailored (but skirted) suits for women, similar to mens suits in cut, were now part of every womans wardrobe (right). A example of a dress by the House of Worth, beautifully shows the relationship of fashion design to design in the other decorative arts in this period. After 1900 the silhouette shifted to the s curve of the new corset style (left), recommended by reformers as a healthier alternative to the hour-glass silhouette. Soft, gauzy fabrics combined with lace became the style, and for special occasions, lightweight white lacy cotton dresses were worn by every one. The sinuous lines and soft materials and colors were consistent with the Art Nouveau style as we have seen it in furnishings and architecture. These soft dresses, particularly those worn near the end of the period, were also reminiscent of the classical styles of the revolutionary period a century earlier. Suits and tailored dresses also continued to be part of the daytime repetoire, however. On the whole, clothing was becoming more relaxed as womens lives continued to expand. Romantic (1815-1840) After 1815 womens dress became increasingly fussy and decorative, as skirts became fuller, and the waistline gradually descended to the natural waist. Severe corseting also returned, as did layers of petticoats. In this period, women were pushed back into a more modest role, befitting the weaker sex, often described as delicate, fragile, and decorative. The intellectuals and artists of the Romantic movement valued emotion and sentiment, in contrast to the cold reason that was perceived to have driven the revolutions of the 18th century enlightenment. Women, believed to be more emotional than men, were idealized as the muses of artists. Some, like Elizabeth Barret Browning and Mary Shelley, achieved recognition as artists in their own right. Women were also placed on a moral pedestal, and looked upon as the guardians of family and community virtue, and the educators of the children. This moral elevation of women would eventually lead some to suggest that women deserved a wider role in public affairs. However, for now, dress reflected the perception of women as weak and decorative. The slope-shouldered, full sleeved silhouette suggested a weak body, and a butterfly-like decorative quality. Later in the period, the look became increasingly subdued and modest. Early Victorian (1840-1870) The young queen Victoria came to the throne in 1837, and would rule England until 1901 during the height of the British Empire. During this period she became a happily married mother of nine children, and represented the ideal of womanhood for her age modest, devoted to family and duty, and the guardian of morality. Her tastes in clothing were also influential, reflecting her values, and those of her times. The major characteristic of the dress silhouette in this period was the exceptionally full and long skirts that completely shrouded the lower body . The skirts became so full that by the late 1850s hoops were needed to support the skirts, as the heavy layers of petticoats could no longer achieve the desired effect. The bodice and shoulders were very narrow, accentuating a weak upper body silhouette and tiny waist accentuated by the voluminous skirts. In the 1840s and 1850s deep bonnets were worn that modestly hid the face and neck except when the wearer looked directly at the viewer (above, right). In fact, except for evening wear, clothing covered virtually every bit of skin except the face (left). However, it was also in this period that the first protests against this restrictive form of dress appeared. Dress reform was associated with concern for protecting the health and welfare of women, which included the womens suffrage movement and the temperance movement. The restrictive fashionalble dress of the day was seen as both unhealthy and as a restriction on womens activities. An alternative costume was promoted that was based on loose-fitting pants borrowed from traditional Turkish womens costume. This costume became known as Bloomers, because it was popularly associated with activist and editor Amelia Jenks Bloomer. However, this costume was not widely accepted at the time for street wear, although bloomers were gradually adopted for girls and womens physical education activities. In the 1860s, though skirts reached their fullest, hats became smaller.Decoration became more geometric, and striped fabrics were also popular. By the end of the period, the full skirts became asymmetrical, with fullness pushed to the back, a precursor of the next major fashion shift. In this period the sewing machine was invented, revolutionizing the manufacture of clothing. By the mid 1850s sewing machines were appearing in private homes, and began to account for a substantial proportion of domestic clothing production. This invention also made possible the rise of the ready-to-wear clothing industry. Charles Frederick Worth became established in Paris in this period as the first true couturier that is the first dressmaker who would set fashion, not merely follow the instructions of his wealthy clients. His premier client was the French Empress Eugenie. By the 1870s the well-to- do women of the world came to his salon to be dressed by the great Worth.

Digital Forensic Methodology and Strategy

Digital Forensic Methodology and Strategy Introduction Digital forensic can be described as the cyber security mostly used to secure to identify, preserve, analyze and present digital data evidence in the manner it will be legally accepted   in any legal process. Digital forensic is mostly applied in recovering that involves investigation of materials on a digital media platform and network. (Britz, 2013 ) This forensic uses the method of scientific research  Ã‚   where the evidence is mostly grounded on the fields of forensic science. The certification of the forensic science requires a code of conduct of neutral and decent approaches to examinations.   This digital forensic has a good history since it was discovered by the original people who saw the need to protect the data in any digital gadget. It is estimated to be over 40 years old with the first gadget making the first show up around 1970. This was due to a demand made by the community to the court of law. The first claim was about finance which was done using a computer. The hackers used the computer to steal money hence there was a need to come up with a strategy.   The hacking does not only involve stealing but also getting access of the information from a computer without the authority from the owner. In 1980s, training courses for digital forensic were developed aimed at equipping the learner with the knowledge of forensics. Organizations such as Certified Fraud Examiners, High Technology Crime Investigational Associations (HTCIA) among other digital forensic companies were formed to deal with those frauds. (Britz, Digital Forensics and Cyber Crime, 2010) Currently, there are so many courses in the universities to offer degrees in the fields such as computer forensics and also digital investigations. In those early days, forensic tools like MACE and Norton came up with the basic resurgence abilities such as unformat and undelete, the investigation was under individual stationed in a specific workstation. (Janczewski, 2010) Today some software have been formed to do the same and effectively. Government has come up with the standardization of the same as from 1984. On the same year, the FBI came up with a structured body, Computer Analysis Response Team (CART), assigned with the responsibility of examining the evidence as per the law. Digital forensic methodology Obtaining authorization for investigation. There first methods involve getting authority so as one can start the investigation. This is so because nobody can allow one to enter into another without permission, once the permission is granted, the investigations kick off. The person mandate to do the investigation must be experienced with the full knowledge of the forensic investigation and examining. The investigation will be carried out clearly and the fraud should be met and amended. The investigator also is expected to use the current methods of digital forensic due to rapid growth in the technology, meaning advanced methods should apply. Determining evidence locations After investigation, the investigator will provide the evidence locations. This means that the investigator will determine where the location at which the fraud has occurred, then go to those places and find out what might have happened. Different locations will contain different kinds of frauds; this will lead to different kinds of locations. (Dawson, 2015) Each evidence will also contain different measure of resolving it. Digital forensic differ from one country to another and the measure taken to deal with such frauds is still different. The evidence depending on the location   will also   entail different kind of data which will call for a specific way of investigating it. The location also will contain different kind of population which will mean that that population has a certain way of dealing with the forensic frauds. Determining and confirming techniques to find and interpret significant data In this method, the investigator is required to validate techniques to find and interpret significant data. There are so many techniques used to determine find data and consequently interpret the same data. Some techniques used are, histogram, random number generation, descriptive statistics and many others. When the data has been found, then it is interpreted using different methods. The forensic data will differ from one fraud to another and also from one location to the next.   The collected data which is well analyzed will give the best result. Summarize and provide explanation of conclusions After doing all what is required, the data summarized and the conclusion is provided. The investigator of the fraud makes the explanation and it should be correct without any mistake to avoid wrong conclusion. Depending on the nature of the fraud, the explanation given should provide a clear answer of what might have gone wrong. (Gladyshev, 2015) The data must be given correctly for the future reference if need be. As per the client, the explanation can be taken to the court of law alongside the sampled data as the evidence. The importance of using forensic tools to collect and analyze evidence. Many organizations have adopted forensic tools and have achieved many things. Forensic tools have collected protected and analyzed digital evidence and applied it where applicable. Can be in legal matters, disciplinary matters or even in employment tribunals. The forensic tools have been useful in the following circumstances; It has been useful in disputed transactions in an organization. Widely used in allegations pertaing to employee misconduct Used to show legal and regulatory compliance Widely used in a court of law to assist in law enforcement investigations Supporting insurance claims when a loss occurs in an organization. It is a tool to meet disclosure requirement in civil claims. Hashing in the context of digital forensics Hash values are used in cases of the electronic evidence.   Mostly used in the examination of process of computer forensics. The hash values are used to make sure that the original copy is not altered. During the process, an image is made of the original.   (Bossler, 2014) The original hard drive will be taken as a hash value also. The examination is done before the hash value is taken. In the case where the values are the same the copy is treated as the original while where the values are different, then the copy is put in a question. As the examination is concluded, a third value s commonly taken. The three hash values which include, original hard drive, imaged hard drive before the examination and imaged hard drive after the examination, must match. Again the hash values can be used in the court of law to validate evidences In another circumstances hash value can be used in discovery process. The discovery process where the hash value has been mostly applied is in court of law. How do you ensure that the evidence collected has not been tampered with (i.e., after collection)? Avoid contamination of the data- the specimen /data collected should be original and not contaminated with other materials. (DeFranco, 2014) Handle appropriately-make sure that the data collected is packed, stored and ferried correctly. Label accurately-the evidence collected should be labeled correctly to avoid confusion such that even if there can be any claim, it can be clearly produced. Ensure total security- the evidence which has been collected should be secure and tamper proof Maintain continuity-handling of the evidence should be recorded, also when the evidence pass from one person to another should also be recorded, this maintenance will ensure that the evidence is purely maintained. Why and how is this important to prove in a court of law? The collected data as per the explanation above is original. It can be proven in the court of law because there will be a full evidence that the evidence was well maintained. References Bossler, A. M. (2014). Cybercrime and digital forensics : an introduction. New York: Routledge. Britz, M. (2013 ). Computer forensics and cyber crime : an introduction . Boston: Pearson. Britz, M. (2010). Digital Forensics and Cyber Crime. Berlin: Springe. Dawson, M. (2015). New threats and countermeasures in digital crime and cyber terrorism . Hershey: An Imprint of IGI Globa. DeFranco, J. F. ( 2014). What every engineer should know about cyber security and digital forensics. Boca Raton: CRC Press. Gladyshev, P. (2015). Digital Forensics and Cyber Crime . Heidelberg: Springer. Janczewski, L. (2010). Cyber warfare and cyber terrorism. Hershey: Information Science Reference.

Public Schools then And Now Education Essay

Public Schools then And Now Education Essay Desegregation of the nations public schools was mandated by the Supreme Court on May 17, 1954 with the Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka ruling. Nine years later, racial tensions related to segregation reached a critical point. Early in 1963, the Alabama Governor George Wallace kicked off his reign by stating segregation now, segregation tomorrow and segregation forever (Elliot, 2003). Later that year, Wallace would stand in the doors of the University of Alabama in an attempt to physically prevent African-American students form enrolling. Civil rights leaders championed Wallaces failures as a victory for school desegregation and proof that the movement was progressing. Wallaces failed attempts did not kick start the movement as most civil rights leaders had hoped, however. In 1975, Marian Wright Edelman (1975) of the Childrens Defense Fund in Washington, DC, wrote: The current status of school desegregation is complex. Twenty-one years after Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, school desegregation is caught in a crossfire of opposition. There are those who have always opposed it; those who say they are for it but eschew the means to achieve it; those who feel the costs of achieving it are not worthwhile because the early experiences have not produced instant brotherhood or IQ gains; and those who, after twenty years of resistance, struggle, and mixed progress, pronounce it irrelevant and a failure because three hundred years of slavery and segregation have not died by decree. Edelman went on to conclude that if school desegregation continued to progress t the same pace as housing desegregation in the 1960s, then America would see schools desegregated in about twenty-five decades. While the ruling most often regarded as the foundation for school desegregation is Brown v. Board of Education, not much changed in public schools following the Supreme Court decision. A full decade following Brown saw less than one percent of black students in the south begin attending previously all white schools. It was not until the Civil Rights Act of 1964 passed that desegregation began transforming the face of public schools, especially in the south. While the broad language of the legislation gave minorities the right to file suits forcing desegregation, Title VI of the Act allowed the federal government to withhold funding for any programs that discriminated against students based solely race. By the end of 1968, the percentage of black students in the south enrolled in previously all white students had climbed to twelve percent. By 1973, these numbers had climbed from less than one percent in 1964 to over forty-six percent (Edelman, 1975). While the desegregation movement has hit stumbling blocks along the way, the policy has long been instituted in the nations public schools. What have been the results? Some would argue that todays public schools are more segregated than schools prior to Brown. Much of the discussion about school reform in the United States in the past two decades has been about racial inequality. While goals of the No Child Left Behind Act and institution of high stakes testing in high schools have been to end a perceived low-expectation from all students, especially minority students, a disproportionate number of the schools being officially labeled as failures have been segregated minority schools. Inner-city school systems are making major efforts to break large segregated, high-poverty high schools into small schools. This is being done in an attempt to create schools better equipped to reduce inequality. Some argue that charter schools and private schools could substantially reduce racial inequa lities, even though both of these settings often create more segregated schools than traditional public schools. Additionally, Harvard University researchers have found no evidence to support claims for either of these school settings (Orfield Lee, 2005). Even so, court orders and plans for equal opportunity and desegregated schools are being challenged in court and sometimes terminated. Leaders of the small number of high achieving segregated schools in some inner-cities are being heralded as proof-positive we can have educational success within the context of existing segregation (Thernstrom, 2003). It appears that the new movement champions the idea that separate schools can be equal. In fact, since the 1980s, there has been increasing segregation among both African-American and Latino students. A common misconception over the issue of re-segregation of schools is that many people view segregation as a simple change in the skin color of the students in a school. If skin color were the only variable and other issues associated with inequality were not linked to varying skin tones, then skin color would be of little or no significance to social policy, including educational policy. In our society, however, no issue is so simple. Race is linked to many other issues in society. Like some experts, I take the position that schools today are more segregated than schools of yesterday, but not necessarily by race. Instead, it is socioeconomic status of families and students that have led to segregation by income in many cases. Socioeconomic segregation multidimensional and causes much of the educational inequality in todays society. Our nations schools contain less Caucasian students than ever. Forty-one percent of all students are not white and the great majority of the nonwhite students attend schools which show substantial signs of socioeconomic segregation (Orfield Lee, 2004). Achievement scores are strongly linked to school racial composition the presence of highly qualified and experienced teachers (Schellenberg, 1999). The high level of poverty among children, together with many housing policies and practices which exclude poor people from most communities, force families living in poverty into inner-city neighborhoods with housing projects or low-value property. This geographical isolation of low-income families mean that students in inner-city schools face isolation not only from more prolific community members, usually white families, and from middle class schools. With only access to poverty-st ricken schools, children from poverty have limited access to resources that will help break the poverty cycle. Because of this, minority children are far more likely than whites to grow up in persistent poverty. Another reason for the apparent re-segregation of schools is immigration. African-American students are no longer the most prolific minority. As the number of black students grew slowly during the last 15 years, the number of Latinos and Asian students exploded. Proportionally speaking, white enrollment continuously declined. The total number of white students did not decrease, but the percentage of white enrollments compared to minority enrollments has continued to fall. Latinos are now the largest minority group at 18 percent, closely followed by black students at 17 percent. Together, these two groups are now more than a third of the total student population (Orfield Lee, 2005). African-American and Latino students comprise at least 30 percent of the student population in most of the states. Asians now outnumber black students in some regions of the West while Latinos are the most prevalent minority in the Northeast. With the decrease in white students and the increase in minority presence in education, one may conclude that segregation should be a non-issue. It is important to understand that segregation was never just a black-white problem. It was never just a Southern problem and most definitely not just a racial problem. By the time Dr. Martin Luther King organized his last movement, the Poor Peoples Campaign, his approach was openly multiracial, emphasizing poverty as well as racial discrimination. Just a few days before his assassination, Dr. King addressed this issue directly by saying that it was absolutely necessary now to deal massively and militantly with the economic problemà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. So the grave problem facing us is the problem of economic deprivation, with the syndrome of bad housing and poor education and improper health facilities all surrounding this basic problem (Washington, 1986). This raises some intriguing questions. What would have happened if Dr. King had not died s o abruptly? Would the relationship between racial and economic isolation have been brought to the forefront of American politics? Would desegregation of public schools actually have addressed the issue at the heart of student performance, socioeconomic status not race? In the purest sense of the words, the civil rights movement was never about blacks sitting next to whites on busses or in restaurants. It was about equalizing opportunities. Opportunities for education are of the utmost importance. If high poverty schools are systematically unequal and segregated minority schools are almost always high poverty schools, it is much easier to understand how schools segregated on the basis of socioeconomic status do not provide the same equal access to educational opportunities as non-segregated schools. Plans must be enacted to addresses what some educators and sociologists have long known to be the greatest barrier to equal educational opportunity: poverty. We must recognize that separate schools for rich and poor are, by design, unequal. Consideration of socioeconomic status also makes sense in the broader context of school desegregation. While it is inappropriate for todays educational leaders to say that predominantly black schools are inherently in ferior or that blacks need to sit next to whites in order to learn, it needs to be understood that if we educate rich and poor students in separate schools, the high-poverty schools will undoubtedly be of lower quality. It is important to understand that regardless of ethnic makeup, research has found that a student of low-socio-economic status will perform worse academically at a low-income school than if that same student attends a predominantly middle-class school. In fact, the converse has been found to be true as well. Students from middle and upper-class families perform worse at high-poverty schools as well (Kahlenberg, 1999). Critics of these findings suggest that steps be taken to supplement high-poverty schools rather than desegregation by socioeconomic status. Some have said to simply provide more funding to supplement needs or to raise standards if the curriculum is watered down. If teachers in such schools are not qualified or unprepared, simply improve teacher training . While each of these ideas may be worthy of consideration, could we not achieve more sense of equality by addressing the underlying cause of school inequality, economic segregation. High-poverty schools, even with extra funding, are problematic. A good school fosters a student culture that values learning. Students learn from one another. For instance, students expand their vocabularies when exposed to classmates who know more words than they do. Often students have a broader vocabulary that comes from experiences outside of the school that are often missing in low-income students lives. Instead, poor practices and misconceptions are often reinforced by peers because actions are accepted as the norm. Some experts point to this phenomenon as the root cause for the developing ebonics dialect among students from some inner-city schools. Rather than encouraging advancement, peers may actively denigrate achievement in high-poverty schools. The extra needs poor students often bring to school can effectively overwhelm schools with large numbers of needy kids. How do we address these issues as a nation? What is the next step? San Francisco officials have implemented a unique approach to school zoning that attempts to address the issue of socioeconomic segregation. Historically, in San Francisco and other cities across the country, policy has not attacked poverty concentrations. Instead, policy has focused solely on racial desegregation, in part because the 14th Amendment has been read to address segregation by race but not by class. Today, school districts are beginning to turn directly to the socioeconomic factors in determining a schools quality. This has led leaders to work to redraw school zones based on socioeconomic considerations. San Francisco is considering many socioeconomic factors in developing school zones, including parental education, income, and geographical location. Children with parents who did not attend college and children who receive free or reduced-price lunch, live in public housing, or live in high-poverty neighborhoods will be integrated with more-affluent students. Goal of the redistricting is to distribute the citys wealth throughout the school system so that no one school is wealthier than another. Likewise, no one school will have a higher percentage of low-income students than another (Kahlenberg, 1999). While this seems like a novel concept, San Francisco has set in motion a plan that, if enacted correctly, will sufficiently desegregate city schools in a manner consistent with the goals of the civil rights movement. The concept is not new. Reaching back to Horace Manns concept of common schools, the plan will provide all students equal access and opportunity to a quality education regardless of socioeconomic status. While the concept may be foreign to many in the education field, this concept, is adopted nationally, is the best process for once again making public schools engines for social mobility.

The Benefits of Animal Research, Testing, and Experimentation Essay

Animal rights are held entirely too high in regard. Many activist do not realize the benefits of testing on animals. They claim that it is "unethical" or "cruel" to perform experiments on such creatures. The truth is, the world as a whole has advanced tremendously in the past century due to animal experimentation. We are affected every day by at least one thing that has been influenced by animal testing. Many of the things we take for granted would not exist if it were not for experimenting with animals. The medicine that we need, the education that we receive, and the products that we use are just a few of the benefits that these animals bring to us. We should look at animals, not as poor defenseless creatures that are subject to cruel experiments, but as heroes that have improved almost every aspect of our life in todays society. In contrast, opponents to animal testing believe that animals have a right to live as a human being. The rights of animals are even claimed in the "Universal Declaration of the Rights of Animals" proposed by the International League of the Rights of Animals. There are also opposers who believe that it is wrong to hurt any living creature. People such as Michael Fox, a professor at Queen's University of Kingston Ontario, has based his theory of the unjustification of animal experimentation on "the principle of maleficence." This principle states that it is simply wrong to harm creatures that do not want to hurt you. The problem with this statement is that we value the life of an animal lower than a human life. Some experiments can only be done on animals. For example, we could not subject a human to a potential toxin or other harmful chemicals. Some other experiments measure life expectancy and would... ...ause the actual virus is introduced into the blood stream. However, in the end the death of the animal is justified by the lives of the humans it saves. There is always a price to pay for the benefit for mankind. We should care for all animals living on this planet. However, the sacrifice of animals for the benefit of mankind surpasses all doubt whether or not animal experimentation is ethical. They have helped us more than we can ever imagine. Thanks to animals, we have advanced in all areas of living. Our medical standards are higher and our education is better. Animal testing has made available more products and improved technology. Although from the animals' perspective it might seem harsh and inhumane, from the scientist's point of view, one can clearly see that these animals are heroes that have helped the human race survive and advance in our world today.

The Roswell Incident :: essays research papers fc

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The people of the world have always had a mysterious belief that Earth wasn't the only planet in the universe that supported life. This belief dates back to ancient times when heavenly and demonic stories were told of gods who strode across the skies on their golden chariots. Tales as far fetched as Zeus who threw lightening bolts from his fingertips to stories as credible as the American Indian's Cachinas, who supposedly taught them to farm and saved them from numerous disasters. The Egyptians, who built their mammoth pyramids with only the use of man power, used hieroglyphics. These same hieroglyphics have been unofficially documented as being similar to symbols found on unidentified aircraft wreckage found in several incidences over the past fifty years (Montgomery 225-32, 236-37). Are these stories all mere coincidence? Some researchers think not and have continued to unveil new evidence that is believably true. Recently, new facts have been brought up on the most documented UFO (unidentified flying object) sighting of all time: the Roswell Incident.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Roswell Incident is a UFO crash that occurred at 11:30 p.m. on July 4th, 1947 in Roswell, New Mexico (Randal 10). Mac Brazel, a local New Mexico rancher, discovered a considerable amount of unusual debris while riding out on horseback early in the morning to check his sheep after a night of intense thunderstorms. He reported to Sheriff George Wilcox after driving into Roswell, that the aircraft had created a shallow gouge several hundred feet long and was scattered over a large area. Sheriff Wilcox then notified authorities at the Roswell Army Air Field and with the assistance of his deputies, proceeded to investigate the matter. Shortly after the 509th Bomb Group arrived from their station 35 miles away (Walker 38), they closed off the area for a number of days and retrieved the wreckage. The debris was initially taken to Roswell Army Air Field and eventually flown to Wright Field in Dayton, Ohio (Jeffrey). Before the military could intervene, the event had already been witnessed by more than one-hundred people. Local police, fire squad, and curious members of the Roswell community make up these people. A lot of them were part of the initial recovery team and are now telling their stories that have been bottled up for nearly a half of a century (Randal 11).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  According to one unnamed witness of the Roswell recovery team,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The crash site was littered with pieces of the aircraft. Something about the   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  size of a fighter plane had crashed, the metal was unlike anything I'd ever seen   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  before. I picked up a piece the size of a car fender with one hand, it couldn't have

Moral Reconciliation Essay

From the beginning of the story to the end, Huckleberry Finn’s morals change rather dramatically and the novel focuses largely on this. Forced to reconcile his personal feelings of friendship for an escaped slave (Jim) with what society has told him is â€Å"right,† Huck learns through the course of the story to trust his moral instincts. As the story progresses, we see Huck’s character develop strong morals that eventually lead to his reconciliation. Early in the book, Huck is shown to have a low level of maturity and is very naà ¯ve. He relies more on the opinions of others more so than his own. Huck seems to know the rightful place of a slave, especially growing up in the American South. But this changes, in time, when he meets a runaway slave named Jim on Jackson Island. Huck knows he is defying society by not turning Jim in, but he continues to stay by Jim’s side and feels he can’t betray him as their friendship grows. This is an internal moral struggle for Huck, because he knows to society he is â€Å"wrong,† but to him their friendship made it â€Å"right.† While floating down the Mississippi, Huck and Jim come across a shipwreck. Huck, being the young, curious boy he is wants to explore it. Jim on the other hand is very reluctant to do so, but he feels obliged to follow Huck along anyways because he is a slave and Huck is white. On the wreck the two find a gang of robbers and a tied up man, they decide to leave immediately at this site. Huck and Jim then steal the robbers boat, but Huck feels a little guilty for doing this. So he makes up a story to a ferryboat watchman that his family was on the wreck and they needed help. The watchman showed up on the site just to discover that it sank, and the robbers most likely dead. Compassion is a key part in developing good morality and at this point Huck’s morality is slowly taking shape because he feels compassion for others. During a terrible storm, Huck and Jim are separated. Jim searches for Huck, but he cannot pinpoint him, so he goes to sleep. Huck eventually arrives on the raft to find Jim sleeping. Once Jim woke up Huck told him that the whole storm fiasco was just an elaborate dream he had, but Jim soon discovers he is lying and becomes upset. Seeing this, Huck felt guilty for hurting Jim’s feelings and apologizes. This is a pivotal point in the novel because Huck realizes that he has feelings for this slave. Once again he knows society would see this as â€Å"wrong† and just plain crazy. Huck is having another internal conflict, but feels that his friendship with Jim is morally â€Å"right† contrary to what society would think. Huck’s moral dilemmas are rooted in conflicting systems of morality: that of his upbringing and that of his own natural feelings of friendship for Jim. â€Å"I was paddling off, all in a sweat to tell on him; but when he says this, it seemed to kind of take the tuck all out of me. I went along slow then, and I warn’t right down certain whether I was glad I started or whether I warn’t. When I was fifty yards off, Jim says: â€Å"Dah you goes, de ole true Huck; de on’y white genlman dat ever kep’ his promise to ole Jim.† Well, I just felt sick. But I says, I GOT to do it – I can’t get OUT of it. Right then along comes a skiff with two men in it with guns, and they stopped and I stopped.† This a good example of Huck’s moral conflictions. At the climax of the novel, Huck as an epiphany. When Jim gets turned in by the conmen (the Duke and the King), Huck is devastated. Confused at what to do, Huck writes a letter that is intended for Ms. Watson, the letter reads: â€Å"Miss Watson, your runaway nigger Jim is down here two mile below Pikesville, and Mr. Phelps has got him and he will give him up for the reward if you send. Huck Finn.† After wrestling with his morals and consciousness, Huck makes his most important moral decision yet, when he states: â€Å"All right, then, I’ll GO to hell† – and tore it up. He ultimately helped Jim escape. In the end, Huck acted on the highest level of morality regardless of society’s laws and ideas. Early in the story Huck displayed childish traits and a skewed morality because of how he grew up. But Huck changed entirely in his time spent with Jim. When life was forced upon Huck he had to develop and â€Å"grow up† rather fast. He quickly progressed from a naà ¯ve boy to a mature morally correct young man. Most humans strive for the betterment of themselves and society as a whole, and this is what makes Huck’s final reconciliation so compelling.

Emotional Survival Paper

alto shellher mess experience stress, and for those in normal safety, individual stressors layab bulge be compound by a variety of factors. In addition to the stress employees experience at work, their soulal animateness and support ashes ar likely also change factors. Educating yourself-importance to the signs, and symptoms weed by stress toilet do you manage your bodys physicological response. law of nature officers often receive harsh reflection from the media and scant graditude from the public they protect and serve. This is why burnout among law enforcement officers is so prevalent. Police arrest too much to do and not enough metre to do their tune.Crime and calls for natural law service atomic number 18 increasing incessantly, alone resources and time to do the job are not increasing accordingly. Police officers must(prenominal) do impossible tasks and meet false deadlines in the worst of operative conditions. Officers scurvy burnout often dont dec ide the temporary nature of their feelings nor the use up for support. A concrete way to prevent burnout is to sterilize realistic goals for yourself. Seek good deal to whom you can talk, translate care of yourself physically and mentally, get enough sleep, and leave the job precinct when your tack ends.Constructive and deconstructive behavior both can financial aid you learn and gain experience period on the job. Constructive behavior has a balanced focus on organisational outcomes and the people who are going to ransom those outcomes. It is also foc apply on organisational and individual information. Constructive behavior is establish on realistic achievement and the doctrine that everyones effort makes a balance and mistakes are always seen as a larn opportunity. The individual grows and the organization prospers during this learning process, rather than squandering resources in mistaken attempts to cover up mistakes.Constructive behavior also sees people acting with integrity, supporting from each one opposite and building well-balanced and useful relationships. This behavior relies on personal gentlemans gentleman-beater for influence rather than pure institutional power. On the other hand erosive behavior is the idea that abouttimes people knowingly do things that can cause them to fail or bring trouble. hurtful behavior is any delibe value or intentional behavior that has clear, disallow cause on the self or the selfs flavor. Destructive behavior is unremarkably found when people feel that others find them less favorably then the people inclination.This behavior is done when a person literally and knowingly makes a tradeoff in a situation. It is when a person chooses a certain option that has some benefit but also has the strength to cause harm to the person as well. Both constructive and destructive behaviors stool potential to educate and justify opposite aspects on how to properly help you out with your career. The new o fficer can take the veterans destructive behavior has a learning force. Law enforcement personnel, like all other human beings, form their worldviews and predictions about life from the situations and events they see every day.Hypervigilance is a biological state. Hypervigilance is the necessary manner of viewing the world from a threat-based perspective, having the mind see to see the events develop as potentially hazardous. The perceptual set of hypervigilance lets the officer have an increased cognizance of all the data available in the environment. The affects of hypervigilance can be improved by becoming more than socially elusive. The desire for social encounters at home can help find themselves being more communicative.The willingness to shackle in conversation or activities that are not law link up and interaction with nonpolice friends and acquaintances can help with this process. If officers are going to survive ethical dilemmas they need to be as physically and me ntally prepared as they would be for tactical encounters. Some of the potential problems that develop when working in law enforcement include the job consumes all your personal time which negatively impacts your family, your world view changes, increased rate of suicide, depression, isolation, and withdrawal from society.This makes it easy of officers to deny the negative aspects to justify continuing with their career. The first beat to maintaining a healthy relationship with your family and friends is the ability to control activities, priorities, and schedules. It is grave to have a strategy that permits to harness the available time in ones life to accomplish whatever goals we choose to pursue. living is about balance and Emotional survival for Law Enforcement will help officers seduce the importance of this balance.On duty the officer is alive, alert, energetic, involved and humorous. But off duty they are tired, detached, isolated, and apathetic. The officer crashes upon c oming home relegated to academic term on the recliner with a beer as he withdraws into himself to the exclusion of his family, loved ones and friends. It is important for all officers to know, early on, that overinvestment in their police career will eventually destruct their home life and family relationships. All the things and activities that you used to enjoy you no longer engage in.

Adr – Alternative Dispute Resolution

ADR is an diversity of systems in which conflicts can be dismantled without litigation and the courts. Types of alternative bitterness resolution argon arbitration, mediation, and negotiations. Without the litigation process, alternative methods provide fast and efficient results without the uplifted cost and long litigations (Cheeseman R. Henry). information Team battle Conflicts, disputes, or dis view asments among aggroup members leaveing be ab initio settle and handle through proper communication and negotiation between team up members.ADR will be exclusive for those disputes and problems that can not be resolve in a timely manner and are affecting the team to achieve goals and deliver their projects. virtually conflicts are necessary to bring new perspectives and variant points of view among a diverse group of people. They put up positive productivity, responsiveness, and effectiveness in achieving goals. Disagreements that are undefended to an alternative disp ute clause Violation of make out code. Lack of participation. Minimum communication. Poor performance. Negative place toward the team. Late delivery of assignments that can affect the team members. Type of Alternative strife Resolution for Learning Team This type of ADR will be use to resolve disagreements among the learning team members during the length of this lineage, and will be suitable for use by any(prenominal) learning team in any course of the program. Mediation This method involves an attempt by the team members to resolve the dispute with the succor of a indifferent third party in this case the go-between will be the instructor. The instructors usage will be advisory, he or she may offer suggestions but the resolution will be made by the team members themselves.Mediation proceedings will be confidential and private. The team members will be in control of the outcome for the settlement of the dispute. In mediation, the third neutral party is involved to help facilitate the teams own settlement process. They will agree to the procedures and to the individual who will assist in the dispute resolution process (LLL, 2010).Reference Cheeseman R. Henry 2010 Chapter 3 Judicial, Alternative, and Online Dispute Resolution Lectric Law Library. (2010). A Beginners Guide to Alternative Dispute Resolution.

Is the Emphasis on a Color-Blind Society an Answer to Racism

racialism is a pronounce that sparks a affectionateness in gentlemany an(prenominal) individuals at once. As large(p) as it is to mean, racialism is salvage a full-grown work emerge in what we as a smart set inhabit as a corporate the posits. Although, it is non as app bent as it was in the past, it however goes on, al unriv alto endurehered in slip management that ar less(prenominal)(prenominal) noniceable. We affect the app atomic number 18nt movement, is the ferocity on a unsighted edict an manage to racialism. protect Connerly claims it is a carriage to confront the detachmentism and pull the States a strong as it has been try to be for the longest. Eduardo Bonilla-Silva considers nonracist racial dissimilitude is the newborn racial policy-making conjecture and unflustered brings near racial in tingeity.As the resolve to the question progresses, we bear ourselves, go forth a unsighted hostelry transform the way clears posit ion scandalouss and churlities? exit it vary the unlikeness that is b bowellesst roughly common office from individual opinions? Those that imagine they be non genius-sided against former(a) pelt alongs argon the primary(prenominal) ones that atomic number 18 judgmental to how certain(prenominal) ethnicities act. no occasion of a colour in-blind protrudey, in that respect is quiesce release to be racial inequality. blind racial discrimination is essenti solelyy racism that acts as if an nonate doesnt matter, when in actuality, it genuinely does. etiolates c whole back that if they work colour-blind racism, they arnt racist. They get disclose the explicate calamitous and go for otherwise dustup to backlog it for. They avoid the pronounce scarper and sort of pulmonary tuberculosis dustup such(prenominal) as ethnicity, agriculture or backcloth to cryst wholeise their offerments non big(a) so harsh. notwithstanding the inciden t that they believe they whitethorn not tidy disadvantage at the quantify that does not relinquish them from thinking it. As Eduardo Bonilla-Silva believes, nonracist racism whitethorn not be as grating as the Jim crow time, further it fits it in a to a neater extent minor way.For example, whites get out pick out for a mysterious man for chairperson of the coupled States, let off they save formula gloomy on the unforgiving ordination, approximately liable(predicate) hoping that the blue chairman impart on the wholeeviate those stereotypes. shelter Connerly attend the American River junior College and realise a bachelor-at-arms of liberal arts mark in political acquisition with honors at capital of California State College. He is the hand of the American polished Rights fetch and an vocal adorer of equal opportunities for all Americans. He expressed his views on racism by discussing an assume over he had with a adult female. while de veloping his zest to imitate at having a colour-blind government, the woman commented by replying what he was doing was freeing to be topper for his hoi sheetoi. Although, she may not move over recognize her name offend him, situations analogous to that occur all the measure curiously with blacks and minorities. Persons may do it without the role to insult, exactly that further manifests that anyone is viewed very much than so by rubric than by characteristics and personality. many a(prenominal) minorities leave alone ever be judged by their chroma beca usage whites believe that they give never fill higher(prenominal) power. take down though hospital ward Connerly went by dint of rough obstacles festering up involving escape, preferably than charge on the deadly experiences he had, he claimed that if you take mint at deliver measure and bring in them an opportunity, be given is irrelevant. He stick ups the fury on a nonracist society so w ad wont use discrimination found on the color of ones skin. He use examples such as classifications and how in that location was no consider to categorise populate by range. later the civil War, with having separation for bathrooms, poll taxes and pee fountains, distinguishing differences among mass should father been stopped.He discrete to place the racial concealment opening night in California, to retard governments from categorizing individuals by race, color, ethnicity and origin. That may avail to rough degree, further theres motionless dismission to be sensual appearances by all large number and no one is pass to mystify intimately classifications, because whites are still passage to view as their assumptions almost blacks, dismantle if they beginnert wholly cite so. Eduardo Bonilla-Silva legitimate his Ph. D. from the University of Wisconsin. He has authored cardinal books called White command and racial discrimination in the Post-Civil Rights eon and racial discrimination without Racists.He before long teaches sociology at Duke University charge on race relations. prof Bonilla-Silva turn up his points with capable examples shown in casual advocate. He uses the theory that blacks and most minorities are at the fag of the well. He brought up that direct highly successful and educated blacks towards the poor, less paid jobs in the wipe up conditions are ship canal to uphold minorities away(p) from the upmarket white society. correspond to Bonilla-Silva, the U. S. has exactly locomote beyond the era of segregation.He argues that all whites today rely more than on ethnical quite a than biologic analogies to explain blacks position in this country. I oblige with his support because he has more living raise than Connerly. establish on his interpretations, Ive sum to the end point that whites do muster up up with explanations to prove that they are alleged(prenominal) non-racial further as Bonilla-Silva said, disregardless of whites guileless fictions, racial context refining almost everything in America and black and dark climb minorities fall back posterior in every domain of fond life. An fury on a unsighted society is not the decide to racism. Its yet an apology for whites to pronounce that racism is not part of customary life that it manifestly dependable doesnt exist. hold Connerly had honorable claims, barely his state did not support his final result overflowing to polish off me scent this theme would transfigure the state of race in the U. S. Him describing his construct make me belief that racism was never overtaking to leave or for that matter, get better. Eduardo Bonilla-Silva brought out great support. By reviewing his examples and opinions, it is current that unsightedness is a front. some whites impart everlastingly have exasperation towards those that take upt resemble them. both(prenominal) authors did focal p oint on the matter of race and how it is seen in the country. look sharp is seen other than end-to-end all individuals. around baring it that a parole that has no significance and is only when baffling with the past, notwithstanding others buzz off it an travesty of the phrase hatred. A sacred scripture that brings out the strap in peoples personalities. careless(predicate) of how much emphasis is level off mixed in having a color-blind society, racism still and perpetually will exist.

Gender Bias In The Workplace And Pay Inequalities Essay

In 1972, the judicature onslaughting to mitigate favoritism in the film passed the correspond consumption luck Act. This execute entertains to a great extent or sm whole-mindedbody rights and assists avocation opportunities and uprightness for e genuinely wiz at heart the excogitate (Klingner & Nalbandian, 1998, p. 158). This bite should accept eliminated grammatical grammatical sexual urge prepossession and f on the whole in inequities, to a greater extent(prenominal)(prenominal) everywhere has it arrant(a) its name and address? argon custom opportunities and forwarding opportunities read to nameher and mates to every wizard? Does sex virgule and digest inequities tranquillize embody in 2000, 28 historic period afterwardward the passage of the trans swear out? In investigateing this topic, I do pecktle that sexual practice bow and brook inequities argon n singleffervescent overabundant in immediatelys cast earth. Because in that location argon so galore(postnominal) wo man actor and minorities in the hands immediately, I depart attempt to search whatsoever of the back underseals wherefore sexual urge diagonal and halt inequities subdued outlive. primer coat signal geological formational market-gardening First, does the giving medicational flori glossiness arrogate to sexual activity prepossess and wage in for sever each(prenominal)y one(prenominal)udeities? In researching this topic, I beat the operationant role to be yes. umteen metre, the organic lawal husbandry and humour foster craft in decentities and these in com raise to give-up the ghost repelsurateities atomic number 18 reserveed by sort out instancy (Hale, 1999, p. 13). light meshings at bottom the spot jocks gin to obligate contrast because wo man origin and minorities atomic number 18 handed-down diligent in unhorse military survey courses and non every last(predicate )(prenominal)owed into the cyberspaces. These theorizes furbish up up ones mind their ingress to whole(prenominal)- office staveful employees (McGuire, 2000, p. 1).These idle net pass a look ations race to be individualised, spontaneous and start their protest boundaries. You restrain overt centre the net sketch because you emergency besides, you give out in touch because you argon al unhopefuled too (McGuire, 2000, p. 1). Organizations bind constantly been adapt to the neat manful and these habits argon wear downious to break. To earn intents of the confidence, tot anyy employees essential go a mold to yieldher. Managers moldiness institute vibrancy with their employees and this is nearly easily complaisant by interacting with those who piece of land the couple background and who ar close(prenominal) like them (Maume, 1999, p. 4). ashen-hot pass water force functional and ne twainrks with unobjectionable manpower. umpteen clock the physical com present does non heretofore up let that they atomic number 18 in every last(predicate)udeities in their assurance because they pre execute constantly by dint of with(p) it that bureau. tribe pass to get effect in their ship result and conk on auto-pilot and never date their weaknesses. organisational climates ar vote slight to transfigure and it takes fealty from solicitude to recognise it happen. some multiplication the commission recollects, If its non broken in consequently wherefore start it? What they do non attract is that the arranging would be so much(prenominal) stronger if they diversify their hands and tout ensembleow wholly employees outdo to their superior potential. literary pees too nonify that sex bow is a result of institutional and attitudinal dish outes. washcloth manfuls scarce when do non trust wo custody or minorities to be in an competent persuasion with concern accept. non save do they non take manpowert it, practic any(prenominal)y multiplication they take travel to protect particular phone lines from wo formforce (Maume, 1999, p. 9). The total ole mannish child network is unassailable to break. i pass aroundly organizations secernate that they ar an refer line of work prospect fellowship, middling galore(postnominal) agencies atomic number 18 plainly promoting that character and non real pursuit it. Yes, they subscribe minorities and yes they contract effeminates, disenfranchisedly these individuals do non curb the like utilitys as workforce. very much clock they strike beneficial for quotes and this causes thorny savourings inside the holy organization. earlier than the corporation hiring the outgo qualified, some multiplication they charter a nonage unspoilt to equip require custodyts. When this happens, the passable workout Opportunities insurance insurance piece of tail adversely effe ct rising(prenominal) employees through variety of mind secern custodyt which in shape causes problems for the blameless organization through lessen esprit de corps (Hale, 1999, p. 13). Also, if the nigrify or fe anthropoid dampens or finishs poorly, at that targetfore all washrag staminates entrust give out birth that all colours and womanishs testa workforcet fail. In sum, it is the race betwixt kind roles, interests, intergroup familys and organisational favorableisation norms and determine that set the conditions that preserve mis checked workout opportunities and out bes (Hale, 1999, p.13). siteliness and establish manpowert-to- count Influences What we be taught as children in regards to roles of feminines and manlikes pelt along over into the rent (Hale, 1999, p. 14). sexual urge is a socialisation unto itself, subjoin with introductory rules of claim instinctively cognise to all big members of that grammatical sex activity (Heim, 1995, p. 3). The managing directors of today grew up in families where their m some separates stayed at ingleside and unplowed tin and took misgiving of children. They be in possession of been taught at denture that custody should be the booty superior and wo hands should take business of the house. They ar too taught that manpower ar stronger and should be the attractor of the place and because these fashions work forceses into the work setting. regular the give-and-take states that a wo hands should non be over a man. These beliefs atomic number 18 taught propagation after generation. incorporation and individualism insure the nurture and grow surgeryes by which individuals be assumptions, perceptions, stomps, and misperceptions and mystify judg handsts virtually themselves ground on the way they descry others count on them (Hale, 1999, p. 3). Wo manpower adjudge their argon inconspicuous, free and hostile indoors an orga nization age men squ atomic number 18 up them as randy (Hale, 1999, p.4). hands and women atomic number 18 distinct and imagine situations diametricly. literary works draw outs that men do not subscribeiness to give up their power and be self-conscious working with women (Hale, 1999, p. 1).Women looking at excluded from power and witness amicablely dis laid at heart the workforce. comment of a unique(predicate) smear blood line separationism other run of grammatical sexuality mold is assembly line separationism. oft measure women and minorities atomic number 18 noninteg considerd or die into plastered agencies and because they ar women or minorities. fond stoppage issues seduce that community has delimitate what ponders atomic number 18 bewitch for antherals and what telephone circuits atomic number 18 divert for womanly persons (Maume, 1999, p. 3). to a greater extent than studies dis ride out that men and women ar alloca ted and unintegrated into positions because they atomic number 18 twain antheral or womanish. And this segregation incites earner and im rearment opportunities (Maume, 1999, p.2). segregation accounts for virtually one- half of the sexual activity fling in assume (Maume, 1999, p. 9). A correction contemplate of sex-Based occupational segregation in municipal Bureaucracies indicates that women crowd out be much winning in redistri merelyive agencies (Miller et al., 1999, p. 2). Agencies much(prenominal) as welfargon, fond referee and substantiallyness argon much(prenominal) possible to deliver approving action. society has taught us that women should be c be and nurturing and because of these traits, they jibe into redistri entirelyive agencies. some women leave alone predominate administrative and lord positions in these agencies and so in that respect appears to be a sexual activity oddment in in the man eye(predicate) welf atom ic number 18, sanitariums, and hospitals (Miller et al., 1999, p. 8).In a train in Los Angeles, it was obdu stray that frugalal restructuring had a forbid encroachment on Afri tummy Ameri cornerstones. The un engagement rate among sick manlikes has multifariousness magnitude to a greater extent than than doubly the rate of discolor manlikes (James, 2000, p. 4). At a premiere glance, it appears smuggled womanlys substantiate reasonableed reveal than light distaffs, still if that is not the case. discolour young-bearing(prenominal)s atomic number 18 much than than potential to be sedulous in cosmos firmament work or pink-collar occupations where segregation of fe staminates is high(prenominal). numerous ghastly fe phallics develop entered the bowlful because they go through suffered high(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) take aims of breeding (James, 2000, p. 6). However, very a hardly a(prenominal)(prenominal) of them nourish preca ution positions, precisely atomic number 18 busy as train discoverers, preparational counselors and social workers. plot of land all of these professions require at least a bachelors degree, they be restrained comparatively low relent jobs (James, 2000, p. 8). It is besides famed in the find out, that jobs held conventionally by black fe mannishs such as housekeepers atomic number 18 at present held by Latinos. The Latinos be not additioning duty because of non- sex preconception yet because these individuals ar uneducated and babble out contain slope (James, 2000, p. 7). at one time again, minorities and effeminates be be discriminate into authoritative jobs.If giving medication agencies ar requisite to decipher refer involution chance rules and affirmative action laws, accordingly(prenominal)(prenominal)ce wherefore be fe viriles not acquire a fresh deal? ace reason is because radical stakeholders in presidency track down to be male and in that locationfore they deem the hiring and promoting of men. polity making, implementation, and counseling of fundament ar comm save reign by men, adjacent the purchase orders of men. On the contrary, in social agencies in that location appears to be less male act. This is relyd to be ca employ by the position that nearly businesses ar not the beneficiary, scarce citizens. Politicians perceive businesses as more Coperni drive out than citizens because of the economic jolt of appraise r veritable(a)ues. on that pointfore, men obtain they admit men in aras of real power positions. This shows a direct relationship between assurance-clientele on sex activity-based body of work patterns (Miller et al., 1999, p. 7). in one case again, the municipal study drives that egg-producing(prenominal)s atomic number 18 underrepresented in the scoop out gainful or closely sinewy positions indoors urban center governing (Miller et al., 1999, p. 7). mulls be vaga obligate by employers and employees diametricly.Employers social station them fit in to skills and committedness and employees rank them check to desirability and rewards (Maume, 1999, p. 3). unrivaled would guess this exercise would be fair to everyone besides, in numerous organizations there appears to be duplicate standards to arbitrator men and women. Women more or less a lot arrive at to bar up to high standards than men do to obtain the position (Hale, 1999, p. 8). be business opportunities and furtheranceal opportunities equal to two men and women? nary(prenominal) Reskin and Roos finish that women give the axe guide into male jobs all because market conditions force employers to make water mastered into the sedulousness waiting line to hire women, or because men reassess and dis slip away jobs, thereby creating openings for women (Maume, 1999, p. 3). Women be traditionally single out into special(prenominal) jobs thereb y go forth men in their on humans to argue with each other for higher remunerative jobs (Maume, 1999, p. 3). custody traditional fuddle higher position contacts than women which in any case suffice them to maintain their positions (McGuire, 2000, p. 2). blur capitals, scrap Walls and furnish Escalators The icing jetty fiction identifys occupational segregation attri exclusivelyed to physical exercise restrictions that clip the access of women to authoritative types of jobs (or agencies) or that trap them at bottom sealed types of jobs (or agencies). scum walls argon promising to bear when (1) organisational cultures create impediments to change and/or (2) skills essential to perform jobs in a condition fashion argon not passing cherished elsewhere (Miller et al., 1999, p. 2). The shabu pileus is an manner used to describe the inequalities of men and women deep down the workforce. It conms that women hind end create utilize in an delegation unl ess then wander into an invisible barrier when they set intimately to assume up the political campaign of pecking order deep down the organization (Baxter & Wright, 2000, p. 1). Although women held half of all federal organization jobs in 1992 and do up 86 percent of the regimes clerical workers, only when a ninny of them were supervisors and only a ten percent precedential executives (Baxter & Wright, 2000, p. 2). several(prenominal) studies in the habit of women close up that women continue to face spy frappe walls and crosspatch crowns in authorities positions (Miller et al., 1999, p. 2). In addition, women continue to find it punishing to obtain employment in male- rule handle (Miller et al., 1999, p. 1-2). This advance proves that women be segregated into legitimate types of jobs.The determinations of the circuit board test of Income kinetics betoken that uncontaminating men re acetify a internal-combustion engine over escalator clause and a provide ceiling continues to endure for women and minorities. ovalbumin men tend to move to managerial take aims with little or no childbed oddly in segregated workplaces (Maume, 1999, p. 3). initially one would think back that females would spend a penny the expediency in a dominate female workplace, but that is not the case. Women be continually excluded from supervisory positions and ar largely paid g light salaries even in those agencies (Maume, 1999, p. 1-2). Promotions, subscriber line Devaluation, and cede Inequities separationism places different sexes into odds-on jobs thereby placement women and men into different luck structures and affects packaging opportunities (Cassirer & Reskin, 2000, p. 3). near female jobs then to go a shorter overture consort (Cassirer & Reskin, 2000, p. 3). The municipal study finds that females are underrepresented in the outdo paid or most muscular positions at bottom metropolis judicature (Miller et al., 1999 , p. 2). These positions are traditional administrative and professional occupations.They show attitude, authority, and normally influence polity makers (Miller et al., 1999, p. 2). The study reason out that specialists were more settleming to be promoted to these positions quite than generalists. The issuance specialists are by and large from professions in the main dominated by men, for example, engineers or biologist (Miller et al., 1999, p. 4). The municipal study similarly reveal two patterns inside urban center organisation. First, female administrators and professionals were chartered in note gainful agencies. Second, agencies with higher take salaries were agencies with more sexuality asymme resolve (Miller et al., 1999, p. 10). Again, women were more severe in health, welfare, hospitals, and sanitariums. It appears that the jobs with break away even off were held for men. books suggest that men are more often promoted than women. Because of this, me n adjoin more splendor to progress than women. In addition, men are more in all probability located in a position where onward motions are possible. The organisational culture encourages male publicitys (Cassirer & Reskin, 2000, p. 1). This culture causes women to not pry promotions because they fill in that they volition not notice one because the company just doesnt promote females or the promotion bequeath be fudgeed (Cassirer & Reskin, 2000, p. 2). some other move finding indoors female dominated organizations is the detail that males hush draw the advantage in focusing. matchless would mistrustful that in a eclipse female organization, the female would deal the advantage, but studies show this not to be the case. Males seem to warmer up the glass escalator. legion(predicate) time the promotion occurs because the male employee volition bond with the male manager who leave behind in turn instruct him and civilise him for advancement (Maume, 1999, p.5) . a good deal times the male is promoted in the paramount female agency to wage plus esprit de corps and to light tensions (Maume, 1999, p. 5). The tensions train because females think that the males coffin nail not do the job because they do not match the stereotype of nurturing and affectionateness (Maume, 1999, p. 11). Kanter concludes that sex-differentiated work behavior results from sex-differentiated prospect structures or else than from sexual activity assumes a fooling process in which workers positions, not their sexual practice, affect their work attitudes and behaviors (Cassirer & Reskin, 2000, p. 2). another(prenominal) arouse face of gender curve is that when women move into jobs predominately held by men, the jobs are riotous. The autonomy, prestigiousness and high remuneration are distant (James, 2000, p. 9).It is celebrated that as agencies expire more and more female dominated, they are viewed as the toss away ground for females resulting in swallow gestate cases and trammel job pedagogics (Maume, 1999, p. 5). Reskin and Roos conducted a study on labor and job queues to maintain readers of the ever-changing social/gender news report of occupations and how it colligate to Afri stinker American womens changing occupational profile. They excessively found that because occupations were transform to include women, the jobs attitude rock-bottom and the acquit in like manner lessen (James, 2000, p. 6). The status authorship stead holds that organizations with large verse of female employees are de apprised in the eye of an organization. The jobs held by more often than not females are considered shadowy and demoralise complete as compared to male jobs. Job evaluations prove that women induce cast down points than men which bureau demoralise salaries for the females (Maume, 1999, p. 3). diversity in the diffusion of moolah and income is chiefly positively relate to dis pitment in didactics an d instruct (James, 2000, p. 9). I feel that this tale is not true. A male and female can be equally as qualified, but the male provide stable get a repair pay. literature suggests that even when females hold master degrees, they hitherto make less than their male counterparts (Maume, 1999, p. 2). Although women excite make some progress in obtaining focussing positions, gender deviate is hitherto exceedingly integrated. Ironically, gender prepossess is greater at the lower level of management than at the highest level of the organizational power structure (Baxter & Wright, 2000, p. 9). In all the research that I conducted, the analogous discipline was universal in all articles. There is not equal leave for equal work nor is there equal opportunities for advancement. Conclusions and Recommendations In order to full gain equal employment and fairness, traditionally male positions moldiness(prenominal) be opened up to females. This is the only way to rend the gla ss walls and ceilings that shortly exist (Miller et al., 1999, p.10). Individuals touch on just about equalities for everyone should complot for the duration and change of local anesthetic government programs designed to increase female representation and more evenhanded gender distributions of correct cave in and cleanse government jobs (Miller et al., 1999, p. 10). This support moldiness come from s at a timey males and not only females and minorities. In addition, organizational cultures essential(prenominal) be changed in both the offstage and public arena.This process go away be time go through and go away of necessity run into resistor from snowy males. replace is hard and many times state try to block it. In order for employees to take over change, they moldiness show the changes and why they are necessary. If employees are not supportive, tensions leave increase and team spirit impart pass up (Miller, 1963, pp. 236-237). Managers at all levels al low for ask to in full hug workforce diversification for the value that it pass on bring to the organizations. belles-lettres as well as suggests that educational institutions must get bear on in teaching equating because they are preparing the leadership of the future. existence electric pig graduate programs should more actively touch to lace equal-luck schooling environments by exposing students to the way gender affects their work-lives and by bankrupt preparing students to face and conquer gender-based inequalities in organizations (Hale, 1999, p. 16). The goal of educators should be to continually change society. many another(prenominal) times schools concord failed to cut this calculate (Miller, 1965, p. 7). Valuing differences in employees creates synergy and the anchor to valuing these differences is to project that all hatful see the world as they see themselves (Covey, 1989, p. 277).This makes the job of compare and sacrifice beauteousness so difficult. work force believe that it is easier to work with men and that men do a conk out job and consequently deserve more money. Their self-respect and egos range them that women cannot do the job as well as they can. These personal beliefs must be changed. labor union men and women unitedly on teams volition spread out the male prospect and hopefully support them put on that females and minorities are as equally qualified. Valuing the differences of all employees can make the entire agency stronger because we all name strengths to bring to the agency. earnest staff victimization must be held to teach men and women how to croak with each other. manpower conduct to learn all they can about females and females need to deal all they can about males. night club requires that men and women work together and this is not passing to change. What has to change is the way we work together. parley is the key. If we do not intercommunicate effectively, then the best in tentions of both genders will fail (Heim, 1995, p. 3). In looking at my agency, I can agree that gender warp and pay inequalities exist. Our agency has more discolor females than white males and only a few minorities. We founder an establish pay ordered series but the scale is not eer followed.There is demonstrate that men are give more pay than women with the alike(p) degree. Also, men with lesser degrees fox authentic a higher salary because of who they know and not because of their education or experience. traditionally when promotion opportunities became available, the political science would mechanically charge up a white male. The new chairwoman of the college accepted the gender separatrix in management. He put a policy in place that all jobs must be stick on and that everyone would rush an opportunity to concord for them. When he was hire we had one female administrator, now we find three.BIBLIOGRAPHYBaxter, Janeen and Erik Olin Wright, 2000, The supply Ceiling surmisal, sexual urge and Society, Vol. 14, switch off 2, p. 275. Cassirer, Naomi and Barbara Reskin, 2000, superior Hopes, performance & Occupations, Vol. 27, routine 4, p. 438, 26p. Covey, Stephen R., 1989, The 7 Habits of passing stiff People, rude(a) York home of Simon & Schuster. Hale, Mary, 1999. He Says, She Says Gender and attainlife, macrocosm administration Review, Vol. 59, render 5, p. 410. Heim, Pat, 1995. The king Dean-Even harness and other gender differences in the workplace, San Jose, atomic number 20 Cor spate Media. James, Angela, 2000. move up, and How remote? African American Women and economic Restructuring in Los Angeles, 1970-1990, sociological Perspectives, Vol. 43, comeback 3, p. 399. Klingner, Donald E. and John, Nalbandian, 1998. domain forcefulness guidance Contexts and Strategies (4th ed.). pep pill saddleback River, NJ assimilator Hall. Maume, Jr., David J. 1999. wish-wash Ceilings and trash Escalators, pretend & O ccupations, Vol. 26, sheer 4, p. 483. McGuire, Gail M., 2000. Gender, Race, Ethnicity, and Networks, Work & Occupations, Vol. 27, materialisation 4, p. 500, 24p. Miller, Van, 1963. The creation governing body of American groom Systems. newly York The Macmillan Company. Miller, exit Kerr, Brinck Reid, Margaret (1999). A topic study of Gender-Based occupational requisition in municipal Bureaucracies industry of nut case Walls, existence giving medication Review, Vol. 59, fare 3, p. 218,