Noun Formation: English And Vietnamese

Thing Formation: English And Vietnamese As we as a whole know, word are the most significant unit in one language. We use words regularly, in numerous different fields of life: from work to considering, structure casual circumstance to formal circumstance. From word, we can make phrases, sentences to correspondence with one another under numerous structures. Among words, thing is a somewhat urgent part. Things have a few capacities in sentences. They can be the subject, an item, an appositive, or a supplement (Rakoczy). Along these lines, thing development can be perceived as the sub procedure of word-arrangement, and it will share some equivalent quality of word development. My paper is planned for recognizing, examining and differentiating the thing development among English and Vietnamese to amplify the similitudes and contrasts. In light of this paper, I would like to enable my perusers to clear about thing arrangement and help the teachers have a general point of view of the unavoidable mistakes of learning process in both Vietnamese and English students. Thing FORMATION IN ENGLISH Since thing development is the sub-procedure of word-arrangement, it additionally observes the equivalent morphological standards of word-arrangement. Things are shaped by morphemes too. As indicated by the order, we have exacerbating, attachment or induction, and change. All the more explicitly: Attachment or determination, structures things with joins. Exacerbating is the blend of at least two morphemes. Transformation, likewise called zero deduction, is the production of a word from a current word with no adjustment in structure (Conversion, 2001). For instance, word shifts from action word to thing without change of its morphemes. There is other thing development, for example, reduplication, cutting, mixing, abbreviations, and obtaining. Reduplication is rehashing a thing with an adjustment in the first place consonant or change in the center vowel. Cutting is a procedure which comprises in the decrease of a word to one of its parts (Marchand:1969). Cutting is otherwise called truncation or shortening. (Cutting, 2001), without changing its importance. Mixing is consolidating of abbreviated of at least two morphemes to frame another word. Then again, abbreviations are things utilizing the underlying letters in words, phrases, or appropriate names. Last is acquiring, which really has two sorts: utilizing the specific word from another the language and interpreting it truly, we regularly called the second kind calque or credit interpretation. Thing FORMATION IN VIETNAMESE Like English, thing in Vietnamese was additionally framed by morphemes. Be that as it may, the thing development from attachment doesn't show up in Vietnamese for what it's worth in English. The free morpheme and bound morpheme in Vietnamese are characterized in an unexpected way. All the more especially, the bound morpheme in Vietnamese can be utilized as a different word. In English, when the bound morpheme remains solitary, it doesnt make a full word. In Vietnamese, thing was framed by consolidating two free morphemes, two bound morphemes, or one bound morpheme and one free morpheme. Subsequently, thing is framed by aggravating, transformation along with different strategies, for example, reduplication, cutting, abbreviations, and obtaining. Additionally, on account of the drawn out control of the Chineses administrations and French pioneer, the vocabularies which Vietnamese obtained from Chinese and French are various and different. CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS BETWEEN ENGLISH AND VIETNAMESE 1. Appendage (Derivation) In this part, I will examine the attachment in English. The fastens include prefixes and postfixes. For instance, from the descriptor exacting, we just need to add the postfixes - cy to frame the thing education. Along with the postfixes, the prefixes likewise add to the thing arrangement. At the point when we offer another extra il-, we promptly have another thing absence of education which has the contrary significance to the thing proficiency. Subsequently, the prefix of thing can change the importance of the cause, however it despite everything keeps up the word class. The postfix, then again, when be joined to the base, it can change an action word to a thing or other word class. Some run of the mill additions for thing are: - insect, - er, - or, - ment㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ ¦. Also, prefixes and postfixes contain some given implications which were shown underneath: Prefixes Which means Additions Which means Against Against - tude condition of Mis- wrong, adrift - ist seller, practitioner Post- After - ism principle, conviction Dis- not, inverse of - ity condition Between between, among - cy condition De- dispose of - eer, - er, - or individual who 2. Compound things In English, with the exception of some single words are thing themselves, thing can be shaped by numerous strategies, for example, some in table Compound examples Models Thing + Noun circulation system, beach, cabinet Descriptive word + Noun hardboard, blueberry, softball Action word + Noun pool, clothes washer Relational word + Noun inbox, outbox, jacket Action word + Verb make-work, drop-kick Action word + Preposition breakaway, safehouse, takeaway Expressions Compound stock-in-exchange, relative Extraordinary Compound tetragon, archaic exploration As indicated by the table, there are numerous examples to frame a thing. Be that as it may, we can characterize all the examples into 3 classes: The strong or shut structure: two words were consolidated as single word. Ex: plan, board. The hyphenated structure: two words are associated by a hyphen. Ex: child in-law, line up. The open or dispersed structure: the word comprises of two longer words, and frequently composed independently. Ex: high court, slow movement. In the mean time, in Vietnamese we have the organized compound thing and the head and-embellishment compound thing, which were additionally known in Vietnamese are t㠡⠻â « ghã ©p đ㠡⠺â ³ng l㠡⠺â ­p and t㠡⠻â « ghã ©p chã ­nh ph㠡⠻â ¥. The planned compound thing is the thing was worked from two segments with equivalent significance, for instance: ch㠡⠻â £ bã ºa, qu㠡â ºn à ¡o㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ ¦. The planned compound thing frequently communicates the general and manufactured importance which was one primary concern that makes it not the same as the head and extra compound thing. The head and adornment compound thing is the thing that includes two parts, in which one segment relies upon the other. The optional segment will characterize the fundamental segment. For example: we have the main part is Ä‘ã†â °Ã£ ¡Ã¢ »Ã¢ ng, which implies the best approach, and the subsequent one is s㠡⠺â ¯t, a sort of metal that made thi s sort of way. At the point when we join those two segments, we will have the new thing: Ä‘ã†â °Ã£ ¡Ã¢ »Ã¢ ng s㠡⠺â ¯t, which really implies railroad so as to recognize with Ä‘ã†â °Ã£ ¡Ã¢ »Ã¢ ng khã'ng, Ä‘ã†â °Ã£ ¡Ã¢ »Ã¢ ng th㠡â »y, Ä‘ã†â °Ã£ ¡Ã¢ »Ã¢ ng b㠡⠻â„ ¢Ã£ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢ ¦ 3. Change The change is an intriguing procedure of framing new word. It happens in both English and Vietnamese. Without changing its structures, we can change the significance of the word, even the word class (however I dont talk about word class-change since this paper is centered around the thing arrangement, not the word development) all the more explicitly, lets analyze these two models: Ex 1: Firstly, in English, with the word stop in 2 sentences The time has come to end the savagery. I get off at the following stop. In the first, stop implies the demonstration of halting the savagery, however in the subsequent sentence, stop really implies a spot where a transport or train stops consistently for travelers to jump on or off. Plainly, the type of the thing stop doesnt change. Ex 2: In Vietnamese, take the word ph㠡⠻å ¸ as model M㠡⠺â ¹ tã'i n㠡⠺â ¥u ph㠡⠻å ¸ r㠡⠺â ¥t ngon. Khã ¡ nhi㠡⠻⠁u ngã†â °Ã£ ¡Ã¢ »Ã¢ i Ä‘ã n Ã'ng hi㠡⠻†¡n nay cã ³ tã†â ° tã†â °Ã£ ¡Ã¢ »Ã¥ ¸ng chã ¡n cã†â ¡m thã ¨m ph㠡⠻å ¸. ph㠡⠻å ¸ in the primary sentence is a Vietnamese dish, however the subsequent sentence hints the significance of something new, particularly another ladies, not their spouses. In this way, English and Vietnamese take after one another on this procedure of shaping new things. Being utilized under numerous different conditions, the word itself produces a wide range of figurative implications. 4. Other development a. Reduplication Both English and Vietnamese have reduplication. Be that as it may, reduplication just holds onto few things in English. Vietnamese reduplication has two sorts: rehashing the entire word (ba, chã ¢u ch㠡⠺â ¥u, cã o cã o㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ ¦) and rehashing a few segments of the word. In addition, we dont find numerous Vietnamese things which have a place with the subsequent sorts. The most extreme length of Vietnamese reduplicative words is close to four, and the base length is two. The vast majority of the reduplicative words are two-word length. Some of reduplicative English words are: ping pong, flip failure, tick-tock㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ ¦. b. Cutting As per Vã… Â © Ä⠐㠡⠻â ©c Nghi㠡⠻†¡u, Vietnamese just thinks about this procedure as transitory structure or the verbally expressed type of word. By definition, it doesnt occur with each word (Nghi㠡⠻†¡u 2007). bã†â °Ã£â€ Ã¢ ¡m bã†â °Ã£ ¡Ã¢ »Ã¢â‚¬ ºm Æ'â bã†â °Ã£ ¡Ã¢ »Ã¢â‚¬ ºm ki-lã'- gam Æ'â kã ­ lã' Ä⠐㠡⠺â £ng c㠡⠻â„ ¢ng s㠡⠺â £n Vi㠡⠻†¡t Nam Æ'â Ä⠐㠡⠺â £ng While, English have heaps of words was framed by cutting, for example, photograph from photo, rhino from rhinoceros㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ ¦ c. Abbreviation By utilizing the underlying letters of an expression as single word, abbreviation has delivered a huge number a word. Since those words were made by abbreviation are more vital than the expressions, numerous individuals like this sort of thing arrangement, particularly in names of certain associations. In English, we have AIDS, radar㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ ¦. In Vietnamese, we likewise have some acronymic words, for example, TW from trung Æ⠰ã†â ¡ng, CLB for cã ¢u l㠡⠺â ¡c b㠡⠻â„ ¢. d. Mixing Mixes manage the activity of shortening and afterward joining variou

Analysis of Fences by August Wilson Essay -- Fences Plays Slavery Raci

Troy Maxson is a man who thinks he is a disappointment yet thinks that its difficult to concede. Troy is a middle age dark city worker who feels kept down by the â€Å"white man†. â€Å"Why you got the white men driving and shaded lifting?† (p.9). the citation referenced is a case of how Troy feels he will never add up to anything since he is a dark man in the â€Å"white man’s world†. In this manner, Troy confines his objectives throughout everyday life. Keeping up a vocation, having a rooftop over his head, and food on the table is Troy’s thought of accomplishment. This is his concept of achievement since he has achieved this while having a hard life. Troy wall himself into his own little reality where there is no space for anybody to address or judge him. Then Troy’s sharpness towards the â€Å"white man† makes hardness towards his child Cory....

Rakuten

Rakuten WHAT IS RAKUTEN?The CompanyRakuten Inc is an e-commerce and internet business originating from Tokyo, Japan. The company was created by Hiroshi Mikitani in 1997 as MDM Inc. He still serves as the Chief Executive. The Rakuten Shopping Mall or Rackuten Ichiba began operations in May 1997 and is the largest such site in Japan. It is also the largest in the world by sales figures. In 1999, the company name was changed to Rakuten Inc. The name itself derives from the Japanese word for optimism or rakuten. By 2012, the company was earning US$4.6 billion and bring in operating profits of US$244 million. By 2013, the number of employees were over 10,000 globally.Rakuten focuses primarily on the complete shopping experience for the buyer influenced by the Japanese principle of Omotenashi. This concept means providing high quality and personal service. This is translated online by allowing sellers to customize pages through unique layouts, photos and promotional campaigns. Vendors update these pages regularly and can create a line of communication directly with the customer. The idea is to avoid a standardized approach and create an experience.ExpansionDuring 2005, the company began its international expansions through acquisitions and joint ventures. One of the biggest ones was the acquisition of buy.com which has since been rebranded as Rakuten.com Shopping within the United States. In other countries, the company has acquired Priceminister in France, Ikeda in Brazil, Tradoria in Germany, Play.com in the United Kingdom, Wuaki.tv in Spain and Kobo Inc in Canada.Another means of expansion has been investments in different businesses. These include a $50 million investment in Pinterest. Other companies where Rakuten Inc has invested include Ozon.ru, AHA Life and Daily Grommet.Types of BusinessesThe company has significantly expanded the types of businesses that it operates through its various acquisitions. Some of these are:Online Retail: The company has retail operations within Japan and in many countries globally. These include Rakuten.com (formerly buy.com).Banking, Credit and Payments: Services offered in this area include personal consumer credit services such as card loans, mortgages and other banking services.Portal and Media: Services in this area include management of portal sites such as internet gateways etc.Travel: This includes websites that manage hotel bookings and other travels services.Securities: Services include brokerage of online securities.Professional Sports: The company manages a professional baseball team as well as the planning and sale of related merchandise.Entertainment: This includes services such as an online video club.RAKUTEN.COM (FORMERLY BUY.COM)The CompanyThe online retailer formerly known as Buy.com was created by Scott Blum in 1997. It is based in Aliso Viejo in California, USA. The company began as a seller of computers and electronics but eventually expanded to several other categories.The company’s initial revenue model was to sell items below cost and make up the difference through other revenue streams. These other streams included services like advertising, warranties and equipment leases. In 1998, the company’s first complete year of operation, goods and services worth $111 million were sold.Blum sold his stake in 1999, before the company filed to go public. Stock values fell following the IPO and Blum bought the company again in 2001. The following year, expansion began with moves into other categories of items. The company has moved from 100 marketplace sellers on launch to thousands of sellers offering 11.5 million products. The company, which also sells through eBay, is only the second company in eBay’s history to receive 1 million positive reviews and a satisfaction rating of 99.7 %.Acquisition by Rakuten IncRakuten Inc acquired Buy.com in May 2010 at a value of approximately $250 million. Following the acquisition, the company changed the industry standard of 30-day retu rns to a 45-day return policy.Following the change in ownership, the company reported its best Black Friday and Cyber Monday performance ever in November 2010.The company was officially rebranded as Rakuten.com in January of 2013. The Business Model of Rakuten.comThough Rakuten sells items in a multitude of categories much like its competitors do, the company does not want to be seen as the next Amazon. Instead, the company wants to stand apart from traditional standardized ecommerce sites and instead encourage customers to buy from people, not the internet. According to former CMO Bernard Luthi,“We don’t throw a cloak over the merchant but instead introduce you to the shop owner. We want you to discover who the merchant is.”Virtual MarketplaceThe vision for Rakuten.com is to convert it from an ecommerce site into an online version of a physical marketplace. The stores in this marketplace remain autonomous, with storeowners free to customize their storefronts and communicate w ith the customer. The site also attempts to equip the sellers with tools and techniques to become profitable rather than compete directly with them.Target MarketThe company has partnerships with several thousand merchants and sells close to 14 million products across multiple categories. This means that there is something available for everyone. The basic audience is from mostly metropolitan areas and comfortable with shopping online. These people are not in a hurry and enjoy browsing for undiscovered items.Mobile StrategyAs of 2012, mobile traffic accounted for 10 to 15 percent of Rakuten.com visitors. The site sees this figure continuing to grow as the trend towards online shopping increases. This is why the company is investing in this channel and giving it due importance.Revenue StreamThe company has a three part fee structure for merchants who want to sell on the website. This includes a membership fee, a commission and a fee per item. Membership is about $99 per quarter or $33 per month. The commission is between 8 percent and 15 percent depending on different categories. And the fee per item is 99 cents which is charged when the item is actually sold. There is no fee to list items on the website.Other channels of revenue are different packages for sellers. The professional level can sell as many as 50,000 products while the professional plus allows the sellers to list unlimited items on their stores. In addition, the professional level has limited access to Buymail, a service that allows the merchant to communicate directly with the customers. The professional plus allows unlimited access to this service. This is a key differentiating factor for the website as other platforms such as Amazon.com does not allow merchants to market directly to the customers.Shipping and ReturnsShipping costs and return policies are created and communicated by each individual seller on their storefront. HOW TO SELL SUCCESSFULLY ON RAKUTEN.COMThough it is relatively simple t o start selling through an online platform such a Rakuten.com, there are still some extra steps that can be taken to ensure success. These include:Customize Your StoreThis option is available to all Rakuten.com merchants and is one that should be utilized to its full capacity. A customized storefront allows the merchant to attract customers and create a link with them. It also allows the seller to appear more professional or speak to the target audience. Merchants have the option to add logos or images that help create synergy across different platforms the merchant might be using to sell. The merchant can also create customized product pages for special products that need to be highlighted. Managing all this content is easy to do through management tools offered by the website.Create Interesting ContentMany sellers make the mistake of listing their items and not focusing on descriptions and details. This is an oversight and should be avoided. Not every item speaks for itself and no t every customer comes to find a specific product. Instead, a well written description can convince a potential customer to make the decision to buy.Use Marketing ToolsRakuten.com attempts to support its merchants through tools and techniques to help grow sales. This helps both the merchant and the company. There are some excellent tools available for use that can help a merchant attain success.Use PromotionsRakuten.com offers its merchants useful promotional tools such as daily deals. This can help merchants attract attention and move more items out of the store.Work With an e-commerce ConsultantRakuten.com offers merchants the services of an ECC or an ecommerce consultant. The ECC’s aim is to help maximize sales and grow the business. These consultants can help by reviewing listings, offer marketplace best practices and help participate in the right promotional activities. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF SELLING ON RAKUTEN.COMThere are many advantages to selling your product thr ough a marketplace such as Rakuten.com. There are also some disadvantages. A few of both are listed below:AdvantagesMarketplace is Not a Competitor: The Rakuten business model encourages merchants to grow and develop their stores. The website itself does not sell any products but instead it provides tools and services to help merchants grow their own business. In this way, merchants only have to compete with other merchants.Access to Massive Audience: Marketplaces are among the fastest growing ecommerce websites in the world. Amazon, eBay and Rakuten are among the top marketplaces in the world with millions of visitors browsing through listed items every month. Selling on these marketplaces allows access to an established base of customers with very little extra spend on advertising.Variety of Products: Because Rakuten allows sellers to list items in multiple categories, a seller has the freedom to list practically anything they want to sell. The range of prices for these items is a lso very vast.Pricing Flexibility: Since Rakuten.com focuses on creating a link between the seller and the buyer, the merchant has the opportunity to create a strong relationship with a customer based on excellent service, quality and reliability. This bond can help establish repeat buyers and can help a merchant sell at a slightly higher price than competitors.Low Investment in Infrastructure: Since the fees charged by the website to list are not very high, it is not a huge investment to begin selling items online. If one was to attempt to create their own website, it would require more work and more commitment than selling through an established marketplace.Access to International Customers: Millions of customers from all over the world visit Rakuten.com. This means that by listing your items on the website, these international customers are more likely to visit your storefront.DisadvantagesThe Need to market Your Store: Though Rakuten.com provides an efficient platform to list it ems on, the merchants have the responsibility to differentiate themselves from others by creating an interesting and attractive storefront and communicating with buyers.Handling Shipping and Logistics: This is a big challenge for smaller sellers both in managing costs and ensuring reliability.TAKING PRECAUTIONS ON RAKUTEN.COM  In 2013, online shoppers reported wrong charges on their credit cards after the may purchases through Rakuten.com. According to news reports at the time, close to $10,000 dollars were charged on items such as gas valves, newspaper subscriptions in Cleveland, plane tickets in Germany and warehouse time clocks in Colombia. Users on SlickDeals.net also complained on fraudulent credit card charges after using these on Rakuten. Some users also had new accounts opened with their personal information such as birthdates and social security numbers.Rakuten took the reports very seriously and pledged to work with authorities to investigate. The company remained unaware of any breach to their systems. The Rakuten staff communicated with people making complaints via Facebook and forums to ask them to get in touch to help straighten things out.A customer run website called Rakutenfraud.com was created to highlight issues with the website’s security.RAKUTEN.COM SUCCESS STORIES Formerly Buy.com, Rakuten.com is an online marketplace run by Rakuten Inc a successful Japanese e-commerce platform. © Wikimedia commons | Rakuten, Inc.In this article we will look at, 1) what is Rakuten?, 2) Rakuten.com (Formerly Buy.com), 3) how to sell successfully on Rakuten.com?, 4) advantages and disadvantages of selling on Rakuten.com, 5) taking precautions on Rakuten.com, and 6) Rakuten.com success stories.WHAT IS RAKUTEN?The CompanyRakuten Inc is an e-commerce and internet business originating from Tokyo, Japan. The company was created by Hiroshi Mikitani in 1997 as MDM Inc. He still serves as the Chief Executive. The Rakuten Shopping Mall or Rackuten Ichiba began operations in May 1997 and is the largest such site in Japan. It is also the largest in the world by sales figures. In 1999, the company name was changed to Rakuten Inc. The name itself derives from the Japanese word for optimism or rakuten. By 2012, the company was earning US$4.6 billion and bring in operating profits of US$244 million. By 2013, the number of employees were over 10,000 globally.Rakuten focuses primarily on the complete shopping experience for the buyer influenced by the Japanese principle of Omotenashi. This concept means providing high quality and personal service. This is translated online by allowing sellers to customize pages through unique layouts, photos and promotional campaigns. Vendors update these pages regularly and can create a line of communication directly with the customer. The idea is to avoid a standardized approach and create an experience.ExpansionDuring 2005, the company began its international expansions through acquisitions and joint ventures. One of the biggest ones was the acquisition of buy.com which has since been rebranded as Rakuten.com Shopping within the United States. In other countries, the company has acquired Priceminister in France, Ikeda in Brazil, Tradoria in Germany, Play.com in the United Kingdom, Wuaki.tv in Spain and Kobo Inc in Canada.Another means of expansion has been investments in different businesses. These include a $50 million investment in Pinterest. Other companies where Rakuten Inc has invested include Ozon.ru, AHA Life and Daily Grommet.Types of BusinessesThe company has significantly expanded the types of businesses that it operates through its various acquisitions. Some of these are:Online Retail: The company has retail operations within Japan and in many countries globally. These include Rakuten.com (formerly buy.com).Banking, Credit and Payments: Services offered in this area include personal consumer credit services such as card loans, mortgages and other banking services.Portal and Media: Services in this area include management of portal sites such as internet gateways etc.Travel: This includes websites that manage hotel bookings and other travels services.Securities: Services include brokerage of online securities.Professional Sports: The company manages a professional baseball team as well as the planning and sale of related merchandise.Entertainment: This includes services such as an online video club.RA KUTEN.COM (FORMERLY BUY.COM)The CompanyThe online retailer formerly known as Buy.com was created by Scott Blum in 1997. It is based in Aliso Viejo in California, USA. The company began as a seller of computers and electronics but eventually expanded to several other categories.The company’s initial revenue model was to sell items below cost and make up the difference through other revenue streams. These other streams included services like advertising, warranties and equipment leases. In 1998, the company’s first complete year of operation, goods and services worth $111 million were sold.Blum sold his stake in 1999, before the company filed to go public. Stock values fell following the IPO and Blum bought the company again in 2001. The following year, expansion began with moves into other categories of items. The company has moved from 100 marketplace sellers on launch to thousands of sellers offering 11.5 million products. The company, which also sells through eBay, is only the second company in eBay’s history to receive 1 million positive reviews and a satisfaction rating of 99.7 %.Acquisition by Rakuten IncRakuten Inc acquired Buy.com in May 2010 at a value of approximately $250 million. Following the acquisition, the company changed the industry standard of 30-day returns to a 45-day return policy.Following the change in ownership, the company reported its best Black Friday and Cyber Monday performance ever in November 2010.The company was officially rebranded as Rakuten.com in January of 2013. The Business Model of Rakuten.comThough Rakuten sells items in a multitude of categories much like its competitors do, the company does not want to be seen as the next Amazon. Instead, the company wants to stand apart from traditional standardized ecommerce sites and instead encourage customers to buy from people, not the internet. According to former CMO Bernard Luthi,“We don’t throw a cloak over the merchant but instead introduce you to the shop owner. W e want you to discover who the merchant is.”Virtual MarketplaceThe vision for Rakuten.com is to convert it from an ecommerce site into an online version of a physical marketplace. The stores in this marketplace remain autonomous, with storeowners free to customize their storefronts and communicate with the customer. The site also attempts to equip the sellers with tools and techniques to become profitable rather than compete directly with them.Target MarketThe company has partnerships with several thousand merchants and sells close to 14 million products across multiple categories. This means that there is something available for everyone. The basic audience is from mostly metropolitan areas and comfortable with shopping online. These people are not in a hurry and enjoy browsing for undiscovered items.Mobile StrategyAs of 2012, mobile traffic accounted for 10 to 15 percent of Rakuten.com visitors. The site sees this figure continuing to grow as the trend towards online shopping in creases. This is why the company is investing in this channel and giving it due importance.Revenue StreamThe company has a three part fee structure for merchants who want to sell on the website. This includes a membership fee, a commission and a fee per item. Membership is about $99 per quarter or $33 per month. The commission is between 8 percent and 15 percent depending on different categories. And the fee per item is 99 cents which is charged when the item is actually sold. There is no fee to list items on the website.Other channels of revenue are different packages for sellers. The professional level can sell as many as 50,000 products while the professional plus allows the sellers to list unlimited items on their stores. In addition, the professional level has limited access to Buymail, a service that allows the merchant to communicate directly with the customers. The professional plus allows unlimited access to this service. This is a key differentiating factor for the website as other platforms such as Amazon.com does not allow merchants to market directly to the customers.Shipping and ReturnsShipping costs and return policies are created and communicated by each individual seller on their storefront. HOW TO SELL SUCCESSFULLY ON RAKUTEN.COMThough it is relatively simple to start selling through an online platform such a Rakuten.com, there are still some extra steps that can be taken to ensure success. These include:Customize Your StoreThis option is available to all Rakuten.com merchants and is one that should be utilized to its full capacity. A customized storefront allows the merchant to attract customers and create a link with them. It also allows the seller to appear more professional or speak to the target audience. Merchants have the option to add logos or images that help create synergy across different platforms the merchant might be using to sell. The merchant can also create customized product pages for special products that need to be highlig hted. Managing all this content is easy to do through management tools offered by the website.Create Interesting ContentMany sellers make the mistake of listing their items and not focusing on descriptions and details. This is an oversight and should be avoided. Not every item speaks for itself and not every customer comes to find a specific product. Instead, a well written description can convince a potential customer to make the decision to buy.Use Marketing ToolsRakuten.com attempts to support its merchants through tools and techniques to help grow sales. This helps both the merchant and the company. There are some excellent tools available for use that can help a merchant attain success.Use PromotionsRakuten.com offers its merchants useful promotional tools such as daily deals. This can help merchants attract attention and move more items out of the store.Work With an e-commerce ConsultantRakuten.com offers merchants the services of an ECC or an ecommerce consultant. The ECC’s aim is to help maximize sales and grow the business. These consultants can help by reviewing listings, offer marketplace best practices and help participate in the right promotional activities. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF SELLING ON RAKUTEN.COMThere are many advantages to selling your product through a marketplace such as Rakuten.com. There are also some disadvantages. A few of both are listed below:AdvantagesMarketplace is Not a Competitor: The Rakuten business model encourages merchants to grow and develop their stores. The website itself does not sell any products but instead it provides tools and services to help merchants grow their own business. In this way, merchants only have to compete with other merchants.Access to Massive Audience: Marketplaces are among the fastest growing ecommerce websites in the world. Amazon, eBay and Rakuten are among the top marketplaces in the world with millions of visitors browsing through listed items every month. Selling on these marketpl aces allows access to an established base of customers with very little extra spend on advertising.Variety of Products: Because Rakuten allows sellers to list items in multiple categories, a seller has the freedom to list practically anything they want to sell. The range of prices for these items is also very vast.Pricing Flexibility: Since Rakuten.com focuses on creating a link between the seller and the buyer, the merchant has the opportunity to create a strong relationship with a customer based on excellent service, quality and reliability. This bond can help establish repeat buyers and can help a merchant sell at a slightly higher price than competitors.Low Investment in Infrastructure: Since the fees charged by the website to list are not very high, it is not a huge investment to begin selling items online. If one was to attempt to create their own website, it would require more work and more commitment than selling through an established marketplace.Access to International Cus tomers: Millions of customers from all over the world visit Rakuten.com. This means that by listing your items on the website, these international customers are more likely to visit your storefront.DisadvantagesThe Need to market Your Store: Though Rakuten.com provides an efficient platform to list items on, the merchants have the responsibility to differentiate themselves from others by creating an interesting and attractive storefront and communicating with buyers.Handling Shipping and Logistics: This is a big challenge for smaller sellers both in managing costs and ensuring reliability.TAKING PRECAUTIONS ON RAKUTEN.COM  In 2013, online shoppers reported wrong charges on their credit cards after the may purchases through Rakuten.com. According to news reports at the time, close to $10,000 dollars were charged on items such as gas valves, newspaper subscriptions in Cleveland, plane tickets in Germany and warehouse time clocks in Colombia. Users on SlickDeals.net also complained on fraudulent credit card charges after using these on Rakuten. Some users also had new accounts opened with their personal information such as birthdates and social security numbers.Rakuten took the reports very seriously and pledged to work with authorities to investigate. The company remained unaware of any breach to their systems. The Rakuten staff communicated with people making complaints via Facebook and forums to ask them to get in touch to help straighten things out.A customer run website called Rakutenfraud.com was created to highlight issues with the website’s security.RAKUTEN.COM SUCCESS STORIESDealFisherDealFisher is a daily deals provider that sells primarily refurbished electronics and computer related items. DealFisher achieved significant success while selling on Rakuten in 2013. It was nominated for “Best New Product” and “Best New Merchant Electronics” in the annual Rakuten Shop of the Year award.The company managed to achieve this success because of its e xtensive support program for customers. The service is provided through electronics experts who are able to answer any technical questions or solve technical problems. The company has managed to counter the negative image of refurbished products through warranties, customer service and customer education using the Rakuten platform.The company has also made use of the ability to offer deals and promotions at any time through the website as well as the ability to control all items to be sold. Rakuten attributes the company’s success to not only great products but also the work put in to maintain and customize the Rakuten shop. All these factors help build loyalty and increase sales.Image credit:  Wikimedia commons | Rakuten, Inc. under Public Domain.